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Tetsuya Yoshida Daisuke Akita Hideyuki Fuke Akira Kadokura Jiro Kawada Tomomi Kawasaki Issei Ijima Naoki Izutsu Yukihiko Matsuzaka Eiichi Mizuta Michiyoshi Namiki Naoki Nonaka Shigeo Ohta Yoshitaka Saito Motoharu Seo Michihiko Toriumi Kazuhiko Yamada Takamasa Yamagami 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
The Scientific Balloon Center of ISAS/JAXA has carried out two balloon campaigns at Sanriku, Iwate, Japan every year. Ten to twelve balloon vehicles are launched annually for scientific and engineering experiments. Since 2005, a Brazilian balloon campaign has also been conducted in cooperation with INPE. In the 2006 Brazilian campaign, large and heavy payloads up to 1500 kg for astronomy will be launched. New generation balloons, such as super-pressure balloons and high-altitude balloons with ultra-thin films, are being developed. The current status and prospect of the Japanese scientific ballooning are discussed. 相似文献
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Y Ishikawa H Yoshida M Kinoshita A Murakami K Sugiura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,34(7):1517-1527
Research of the effect of space environment on an ecosystem consisting of plants and animals is essential when they are to be positively used in space. Although there have been experiments on various organisms under space environment in the past, they mainly studied the effect of space environment on an individual organism or a single species. Microcosm is drawing attention as an experimental material of an ecosystem consisting of multiple species. The object in this research is to understand the nature of this network system called ecosystem. Thus, a mixed microorganism culturing system consisting of three types of microorganisms which form a minimum food chain system as a closed ecosystem (chlorella as the producer, bacteria as the decomposer, and rotifer as the consumer) was taken for the subject, on which to research the universal characteristics of ecosystems. From the results of experiments under the terrestrial environment, formation of colonies, which is an ecological structure, has been observed at its mature stage. The organisms form an optimal substance circulation system. Therefore, formation of colonies in simulation models is important. Many attempts have been made to create ecosystem models. For example, the Lotka-Volterra model forms a simultaneous equation with the differential equation expressing predator and prey relationship and many numerical calculations have been conducted on various ecosystems based on expanded L-V models. Conventionally, these top-down methods have been used. However, since this method only describes the average concentration of organisms that are distributed uniformly throughout the system and cannot express the spatial structure of the system, it was difficult to express ecosystem structures like colonies and density distributions. In actual ecosystems, there is heterogeneity in the number of individuals and in substance density, and this is thought to have great significance in ecosystems. Consequently, an individual-based model was used that applies rules to predator-prey relationship, suppression, production, self suppression, etc., of each species. It enabled the emergence of the overall system only by its local rules, and it was possible to reproduce colony generation. In addition, the transition and the ratio of populations for each species match well with experimental results. 相似文献
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Akihiro Doi Yusuke Kono Kimihiro Kimura Satomi Nakahara Tomoaki Oyama Nozomi Okada Yasutaka Satou Kazuyoshi Yamashita Naoko Matsumoto Mitsuhisa Baba Daisuke Yasuda Shunsaku Suzuki Yutaka Hasegawa Mareki Honma Hiroaki Tanaka Kosei Ishimura Yasuhiro Murata Reiho Shimomukai Shoko Koyama 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(1):779-793
The balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment is a technical feasibility study for performing radio interferometry in the stratosphere. The flight model has been developed. A balloon-borne VLBI station will be launched to establish interferometric fringes with ground-based VLBI stations distributed over the Japanese islands at an observing frequency of approximately 20?GHz as the first step. This paper describes the system design and development of a series of observing instruments and bus systems. In addition to the advantages of avoiding the atmospheric effects of absorption and fluctuation in high frequency radio observation, the mobility of a station can improve the sampling coverage (“uv-coverage”) by increasing the number of baselines by the number of ground-based counterparts for each observation day. This benefit cannot be obtained with conventional arrays that solely comprise ground-based stations. The balloon-borne VLBI can contribute to a future progress of research fields such as black holes by direct imaging. 相似文献
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Sachiko Yano Haruo Kasahara Daisuke Masuda Fumiaki Tanigaki Toru Shimazu Hiromi Suzuki Ichirou Karahara Kouichi Soga Takayuki Hoson Ichiro Tayama Yoshikazu Tsuchiya Seiichiro Kamisaka 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
In 2004, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency developed the engineered model of the Plant Experiment Unit and the Cell Biology Experiment Facility. The Plant Experiment Unit was designed to be installed in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility and to support the seed-to-seed life cycle experiment of Arabidopsis plants in space in the project named Space Seed. Ground-based experiments to test the Plant Experiment Unit showed that the unit needed further improvement of a system to control the water content of a seedbed using an infrared moisture analyzer and that it was difficult to keep the relative humidity inside the Plant Experiment Unit between 70 and 80% because the Cell Biology Experiment Facility had neither a ventilation system nor a dehumidifying system. Therefore, excess moisture inside the Cell Biology Experiment Facility was removed with desiccant bags containing calcium chloride. Eight flight models of the Plant Experiment Unit in which dry Arabidopsis seeds were fixed to the seedbed with gum arabic were launched to the International Space Station in the space shuttle STS-128 (17A) on August 28, 2009. Plant Experiment Unit were installed in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility with desiccant boxes, and then the Space Seed experiment was started in the Japanese Experiment Module, named Kibo, which was part of the International Space Station, on September 10, 2009 by watering the seedbed and terminated 2 months later on November 11, 2009. On April 19, 2010, the Arabidopsis plants harvested in Kibo were retrieved and brought back to Earth by the space shuttle mission STS-131 (19A). The present paper describes the Space Seed experiment with particular reference to the development of the Plant Experiment Unit and its actual performance in Kibo onboard the International Space Station. Downlinked images from Kibo showed that the seeds had started germinating 3 days after the initial watering. The plants continued growing, producing rosette leaves, inflorescence stems, flowers, and fruits in the Plant Experiment Unit. In addition, the senescence of rosette leaves was found to be delayed in microgravity. 相似文献
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Masahiko Uetsuhara Toshifumi Yanagisawa Daisuke Kinoshita Toshiya Hanada Yukihito Kitazawa 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to associate origins of space objects newly discovered during optical surveys in the geostationary region with spacecraft breakup events. A recent study has shown that twelve breakup events would be occurred in the geostationary region. The proposed approach utilizes orbital debris modeling techniques to effectively conduct prediction, detection, and classification of breakup fragments. Two techniques are applied to get probable results for origin identifications. First, we select an observation point where a high detection rate for one breakup event among others can be expected. Second, we associate detected tracklets, which denotes the signals associated with a physical object, with the prediction results according to their angular velocities. The second technique investigates which breakup event a tracklet would belong to, and its probability by using the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. 相似文献
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Horikawa DD Yamaguchi A Sakashita T Tanaka D Hamada N Yukuhiro F Kuwahara H Kunieda T Watanabe M Nakahara Y Wada S Funayama T Katagiri C Higashi S Yokobori S Kuwabara M Rothschild LJ Okuda T Hashimoto H Kobayashi Y 《Astrobiology》2012,12(4):283-289
Tardigrades are tiny (less than 1?mm in length) invertebrate animals that have the potential to survive travel to other planets because of their tolerance to extreme environmental conditions by means of a dry ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. While the tolerance of adult tardigrades to extreme environments has been reported, there are few reports on the tolerance of their eggs. We examined the ability of hydrated and anhydrobiotic eggs of the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus to hatch after exposure to ionizing irradiation (helium ions), extremely low and high temperatures, and high vacuum. We previously reported that there was a similar pattern of tolerance against ionizing radiation between hydrated and anhydrobiotic adults. In contrast, anhydrobiotic eggs (50% lethal dose; 1690 Gy) were substantially more radioresistant than hydrated ones (50% lethal dose; 509 Gy). Anhydrobiotic eggs also have a broader temperature resistance compared with hydrated ones. Over 70% of the anhydrobiotic eggs treated at either -196°C or +50°C hatched successfully, but all the hydrated eggs failed to hatch. After exposure to high-vacuum conditions (5.3×10(-4) Pa to 6.2×10(-5) Pa), the hatchability of the anhydrobiotic eggs was comparable to that of untreated control eggs. 相似文献
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Daisuke Akita 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
Sea-anchored balloons are stratospheric super-pressure balloons that are anchored to the sea. The sea-anchored balloon is a simple system that has the capability for long-duration flights, fixed-point observations, flexible launch windows, easy telemetry links to ground stations, and quick recoveries. Such balloons are not required to fly through the jet stream while tethered to the ground or sea, because the tether is deployed from a reel on the balloon after reaching a floating altitude. In this study, the feasibility of the sea-anchored balloon is investigated, with particular emphasis on the tether strength, balloon altitude, and system mass, based on the present technological level of the tether’s specific strength. Although the wind distribution with altitude is a dominant factor for feasibility, a sea-anchored balloon with an altitude of about 25 km would be feasible if the velocity of the jet stream is sufficiently low. The sea-anchored balloon can be simply flight-tested, since additional ground facilities and special flight operations are not necessary. 相似文献
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Imawaki Shiro Uchida Hiroshi Ichikawa Kaoru Ambe Daisuke 《Space Science Reviews》2003,108(1-2):195-204
The mean sea-surface height obtained from satellite altimeters is different from the geoid by the amount of mean sea-surface
dynamic topography associated with ocean currents. Assuming geostrophy at the sea surface, the mean sea-surface dynamic topography
can be obtained from the mean sea-surface velocity field. This field is derived by combining anomalies (i.e., deviations from
the mean) of sea-surface velocity obtained from altimeter data and in situ surface velocities estimated from trajectories of surface drifting-buoys (hereafter, drifters). Where a drifter measured
the surface velocity, the temporal mean velocity can be estimated by subtracting the altimeter-derived velocity anomaly at
that time from the drifter-measured surface velocity. The method is applied to the surface flow field of the North Pacific,
using TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-1/2 altimeter data, and WOCE-TOGA surface drifter data obtained from October 1992 through December
2000. The temporal mean velocity field is estimated with a resolution of quarter degrees in both latitude and longitude. The
obtained mean velocity field clearly shows the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension, which are narrower and stronger than the climatological
mean features derived from historical hydrographic data averaged over several decades. Instantaneous velocities are estimated
by summing up these temporal mean velocities and anomalies, every ten days during the eight years. They compare well with
in situ velocities measured by the surface drifters. The instantaneous velocity field shows energetic fluctuation of the Kuroshio
Extension vividly.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Daisuke Kitazawa Yutaka Miyazawa Nobuharu Fujii Eiji Nitasaka Hideyuki Takahashi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
In higher plants, gravity is a major environmental cue that governs growth orientation, a phenomenon termed gravitropism. It has been suggested that gravity also affects other aspects of morphogenesis, such as circumnutation and winding movements. Previously, we showed that these aspects of plant growth morphology require amyloplast sedimentation inside gravisensing endodermal cells. However, the molecular mechanism of the graviresponse and its relationship to circumnutation and winding remains obscure. Here, we have characterized a novel shoot gravitropic mutant of morning glory, weeping2 (we2). In the we2 mutant, the gravitropic response of the stem was absent, and hypocotyls exhibited a severely reduced gravitropic response, whereas roots showed normal gravitropism. In agreement with our previous studies, we found that we2 mutant has defects in shoot circumnutation and winding. Histological analysis showed that we2 mutant forms abnormal endodermal cells. We identified a mutation in the morning glory homolog of SHORT-ROOT (PnSHR1) that was genetically linked to the agravitropic phenotype of we2 mutant, and which may underlie the abnormal differentiation of endodermal cells in this plant. These results suggest that the phenotype of we2 mutant is due to a mutation of PnSHR1, and that PnSHR1 regulates gravimorphogenesis, including circumnutation and winding movements, in morning glory. 相似文献
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