钛合金表面抗激光涂层损伤特性及热效应影响研究

实验研究了钛合金和高反射型陶瓷涂层材料抗连续型激光烧蚀的损伤及温度分布特性，并从热效应影响角度对比分析了二者在抗激光损伤效果方面的差异性。研究结果表明：相比于钛合金，高反射型陶瓷涂层材料能有效增强钛合金基底抗激光损伤的能力；在同等激光功率密度辐照下，陶瓷涂层材料能有效提升钛合金基底耐受激光辐照的时间长度。实验结果表明该陶瓷涂层材料的激光损伤阈值比钛合金高约5.8倍。实验发现陶瓷涂层温升速率高于钛合金，但由于陶瓷材料具有较高的反射特性，以及良好的热吸收和热传导特性，因此能使由激光辐照产生的热量在其表面较快地扩散，而降低向基底方向传导的程度，最终提升陶瓷涂层的抗激光损伤阈值。     

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Effect of matching between the magnetic field and channel length on the performance of low sputtering Hall thrusters

Discharge characteristics of a non-wall-loss Hall thruster were studied under different channel lengths using a design based on pushing a magnetic field through a double permanent magnet ring. The effect of different magnetic field intensities and channel lengths on ionization, efficiency, and plume divergence angle were studied. The experimental results show that propellant utilization is improved for optimal matching between the magnetic field and channel length. While matching the magnetic field and channel length, the ionization position of the neutral gas changes. The ion flow is effectively controlled, allowing the thrust force, specific impulse, and efficiency to be improved. Our study shows that the channel length is an important design parameter to consider for improving the performance of non-wall-loss Hall thrusters.     

Facile Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous N/O Functionalized Carbon Derived from Blighted Grains Towards Electrochemical Capacitors

The hierarchical porous N/O co-functionalized carbon(HPNOC)was scalably prepared by using the lowcost and renewable blighted grains as the raw material coupled with mild KHCO_3 activation for electrochemical capacitors(ECs).The elemental N was in situ doped in the obtained HPNOC without any N-containing additives.Remarkably,the obtained HPNOC was endowed with a large specific surface area(about 2 624m~2·g~(-1)),high pore volume(about 1.35cm~3·g~(-1)),as well as high-content N/O functionalization(about 1.9%(in atom)N and about 10.2%(in atom)O.Furthermore,the as-resulted HPNOC electrode with a high mass loading of 5mg·cm~(-2 )exhibited competitive gravimetric capacitances of about 373.6F·g~(-1 )at 0.5A·g~(-1),and even about 260.4F·g~(-1 )at a high rate of 10A·g~(-1);superior capacitance retention of about 98.8%at 1A·g~(-1 )over 10 000consecutive cycles;and high specific energy of about 9.6W·h·kg~(-1 )at a power of 500W·kg~(-1),when evaluated as a promising electrode in 6mol KOH for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.More encouragingly,the green synthetic strategy we developed holds a huge promise in generalizing for other biomass-derived carbon materials for versatile energy-related applications.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

Simulation and Analysis of Electromagnetic Force in Laser Melting Deposition by Electromagnetic Impact

Magnetic field was introduced in laser melting deposition to reduce the pores in workpieces.Finite 3-D model of the coil-deposition layer-substrate was established.Simulation results show that the electromagnetic force in deposition layer mainly concentrates in the projection area of the coil.Axial electromagnetic force shows repulsion in one cycle.The experimental results indicate that the magnetic field is beneficial for grain refinement,microhardness increasement and decline of quantities and average sizes of pores.     

流动阻力及能量损失对注射成型制件的影响

本文分析了在塑料熔体充满型腔的过程中，流动阻力及能量损失产生的形式和物理原因，进而讨论了对塑料制件成型及凝固过程中的影响。并提出降低影响的措施。     

进气道喘振诱发因素及其可靠性分析

针对飞机进气道的典型故障-喘振的诱发因素进行全方位的分析论证，并为从事航空工程的人员提供一种对动力装置整体性能进行可靠性评估方案，篇末对世界上比较先进的进气道气动设计思想及其喘振机理进行分析，可以为飞机设计师在设计飞机过程中具体分析问题提供一定的参考。     

燃气的基准表及图制定

本文在阐述基准的热力学概念基础上,提出了燃气基准的计算方法,应用CHAPPELL推荐的有关燃气热力性质表达式,导出计算燃气基准的公式,通过微机计算,将结果整理成燃气基准的有关表、图。     

专科英语、本科英语及成人专科英语的定位和相互关系

专科英语在理论上被界定为专门用途英语(ESP)分支下,介于学术英语(EAP)与职业英语(EOP)之间的业务用途英语(EPP)。而本科(大学)英语在理论体系上属于普通英语(GE)。本文从ESP理论的角度探讨了专科英语,本科英语及成人专科英语的定位和相互关系。