微型加工的硅加速度计B—290

加速度计Ｂ－２９０是应用在姿态与航向基准系统中新一代的惯性级敏感器。Ｂ－２９０敏感器是用微机械加工方法进行设计和生产的，它应用平板印刷术，化学汽化沉积法，异向性刨刻法、金属溅蚀法硅－硅粘接法。所用的主要设备和电子芯片的生产相类似。它包括粘接在一起的五个硅板，整个处理过程是在一个晶片组件上加工１４０个敏感器。     

Effect of fluid and salt supplements in preventing the development of "osteopenia" in hypokinetic rats

It has been suggested that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent bone demineralization in human subjects after prolonged exposure to hypokinesia (diminished muscular activity). Thus, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of fluid and salt supplementation in the prevention of development of osteoporosis in 64 Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 339-345 g, after exposure to 90 days of hypokinesia. They divided into 4 equal groups: the first group of rats placed under ordinary vivarium conditions and served as vivarium control; the second group were also placed under ordinary vivarium conditions but received daily fluid and salt supplements; the third group were subjected to pure hypokinesia, i.e. without the use of any preventive measures; and the fourth group were submitted to hypokinesia and received daily fluid and salt supplements. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the experimental group of rats were kept in small, individual, wooden cages. Through the experimental period the second and fourth group of rats received 8 ml/100 g body wt water and 5 ml 100 g body wt NaCl daily. By the end of the experimental period the animals were decapitated and the spongy matter of tibia and vertebrae of the rats were examined for changes referable to osteoporosis. It was found that the daily intake of fluid and salt supplements caused an increase in the volume density of primary spongiosa of bones. It was concluded that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent the development of osteoporosis in rats subjected to prolonged motor activity restriction.     

Effect of potassium and calcium loading on healthy subjects under hypokinesia and physical exercise with fluid and salt supplements

The objective of this investigation was to determine the acute responses to the electrolyte challenges under hypokinesia and physical exercise (PE) of different intensities with fluid and salt supplementation (FSS). The studies were performed on 12 physically healthy male volunteers aged 19-24 years under 364 days of hypokinesia (decreased number of steps per day) with a set of PE with FSS. The volunteers were divided into two equal groups. The first group was subjected to a set of intensive PE and the second group was submitted to a set of moderate PE. Both groups of subjects consumed daily water and salt supplements that aimed to increase the body hydration level. For simulation of the hypokinetic effect all subjects were kept under an average of 3000 steps per day. Functional tests with a potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium lactate (Cal) load were performed during the hypokinetic period of 364 days and the 60-day, prehypokinetic period that served as control, while both groups of subjects consumed daily calcium and potassium supplements. The concentration of electrolyte and hormone levels in the blood and their excretion rate in urine were determined. Renal excretion of calcium and potassium and the blood concentration thereof increased markedly in both groups of subjects. With the potassium chloride load tests the increased potassium excretion was accompanied by higher aldosterone and insulin blood levels, and with the calcium lactate load tests the increased calcium excretion was accompanied by a decreased parathyroid content in the blood. FSS and PE, regardless of intensity, failed to attenuate calcium and potassium losses. Additional intake of KCl and Cal also failed to normalize potassium and calcium abnormalities. It was concluded that during the KCl and Cal loading tests, the increased losses of potassium and calcium in the hypokinetic subjects were due to the inability of their bodies to retain these electrolytes, and that electrolyte abnormalities could not be reversed by PE or rehydration in individuals subjected to prolonged restriction of motor activity.     

吸气条件对圆柱非定常分离流影响的数值研究

本文根据二维可压非定常Ｎ－Ｓ方程，基于Ｂｅａｍ ａｎｄ Ｗａｒｍｉｇｎ及Ｓｔｅｇｅｒ的方法，在圆柱绕流出现周期分离后，施加吸气条件，研究气对于圆柱非定常绕流的影响，计算结果表明，在恰当地区域施加恰当的吸气条件，可以希望通过减小压差阻力来减小总阻力，吸气还有抑制尾迹中非对称流动的作用，从而使圆柱所受的垂直于来流方向的升力的变化幅度减小，变化频率减小，但是吸气会增加磨擦阻力，过份的吸气会导致摩阻增大太     

基于分布式星群的全相参雷达低副瓣波束形成设计方法

不同于地面稀布阵相参阵列雷达,分布式星群平台具有高速运动特性,相应地全相参合成效率受限于星间的空时频同步误差、波束指向误差等系统误差约束。提出了一种基于分布式星群的全相参雷达低副瓣波束形成设计方法。首先,从星群系统规模、星间安全距离、远场条件、探测链路等因素入手推导了有效探测距离区间。接着,给出了同步误差、波束指向误差以及卫星高速运动特性对全相参合成效率的定量影响评估方法。最后,利用空时频多维联合方法实现了低副瓣稳健波束形成,可有效增加无模糊视场范围,适用于实际星群规模有限的应用场景。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

地基雷达探测中的空间碎片微弱信号检测技术概况

空间碎片的日益增多。已对航天活动构成严峻威胁。空间碎片的精确监测是对航天员和飞行器实施安全防护的重要前提,也对空间微小碎片探测能力提出了更高要求。文章对国外地基雷达探测空间碎片现状,以及对在雷达微弱信号检测技术方面比较常用的以信号处理为基础的长时间积累检测技术和基于时频分析的雷达微弱信号检测技术研究现状进行了综述。     

变循环发动机组合变几何调节方案

基于面向对象的设计思想,设计出了一个双涵道变循环发动机(VCE)的性能计算模型,并选取了双涵道VCE具有代表性的典型工作点,进行了双涵道VCE的组合变几何调节的相关研究.结果表明:在双涵道VCE的亚声速巡航和超声速巡航工作点,合理调节风扇导流叶片角度可以更大程度发挥双涵道VCE性能优势;在亚声速巡航工作点时选取的方案4和超声速巡航工作点时选取的方案4均比双涵道VCE设计点的变几何调节方案性能更优.     

用在动态试验环境中的硅机械传感器

ＤＥＲＡ Ｆａｒｎｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ附属弹药装置与装配研究目前的主要目标是在保证装填器／发射器有效性的情况下改进一个典型的原理性离岸导弹附属弹药的充填度。武器的有效性研究指出实际上离岸导弹（ＳＯＭ）的可行有效载荷为八个５０ｋｇ的附属弹药。这些附属弹药将以两个一组的对称方式发射，对单个目标具有内部程序设定的能力，所以需要了解在发射期间作用在这些附属弹药上的冲击和加速度载荷，ＤＲＥＡ Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ所进行     

论理想静电悬浮转子双重转动的不可能性

讨论了静电悬悬陀螺仪（ＥＳＧ）精度的各种方法的可能性。业已表明，由于理想静电悬浮陀螺仪转子材料的刚度有限，在双重运转中，由内摩擦力产生的能量消耗导致转子规则运动的不稳定性。已经找到了定量的计算过渡过程的方法，该过程是在ＥＳＧ的粘弹性转子绕其最大转动惯量轴达到稳态转动前产生的。过渡过程的时间常数是以球形铍转子一阶自振模态的对数减幅系数来表示的。