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Ilyin VK Smirnov IA Soldatov PE Korniushenkova IN Grinin AS Lykov IN Safronova SA 《Acta Astronautica》2004,54(5):357-361
The waste management strategy for the future should meet the benefits of humanity safety, respect principals of planet ecology, and compatibility with other habitability systems. For these purpose the waste management technologies, relevant to application of the biodegradation properties of bacteria are of great value. The biological treatment method is based upon the biodegradation of organic substances by various microorganisms. The advantage of the biodegradation waste management in general: it allows to diminish the volume of organic wastes, the biological hazard of the wastes is controlled, and this system may be compatible with the other systems. The objectives of our study were: to evaluate effectiveness of microbial biodegradation of non-pretreated substrate, to construct phneumoautomatic digester for organic wastes biodegradation, and to study microbial characteristics of active sludge samples used as inoculi in biodegradation experiment. The technology of vegetable wastes treatment was elaborated in IBMP and BMSTU. For this purpose the special unit was created where the degradation process is activated by enforced reinvention of portions of elaborated biogas into digester. This technology allows to save energy normally used for electromechanical agitation and to create optimal environment for anaerobic bacteria growth. The investigations were performed on waste simulator, which imitates physical and chemical content of food wastes calculated basing on the data on food wastes of moderate Russian city. The volume of created experimental sample of digester is 40 l. The basic system elements of device are digesters, gas receiver, remover of drops and valve monitoring and thermal control system. In our testing we used natural food wastes to measure basic parameters and time of biodegradation process. The diminution rate of organic gained 76% from initial mass taking part within 9 days of fermentation. The biogas production achieved 46 l per 1 kg of substrate. The microbial studies of biodegradation process revealed following peculiarities: (i) gradual quantitative increasing of Lactobacillus sp. (from 10(3) to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU) per ml), (ii) activation of Clostridia sp. (from 10(2) to 10(4)CFU/ml), (iii) elimination of aerobic conventional pathogens (Enterobacteriaceae sp., Protea sp., staphylococci). The obtained results allow to evaluate effectiveness of proposed technology and to determine the leading role of lactobacilli and clostridia in process of natural wastes biodegradation. Our further investigations shall further be concentrated on creation of artificial inoculi for launching of food wastes biodegradation. These inoculi will include active and adapted strains of clostridia and lactobacilli. 相似文献
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航空发动机故障诊断技术及其发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述了发动机控制系统故障诊断技术的研究现状,并探讨了现有的各种故障诊断方法及特点,指出了该领域有待进一步研究的主要问题和发展趋势。 相似文献
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有关乳状液的性能已进行了许多分析和实验研究,得出了一些似乎是有些矛盾的结论。研究工作主要涉及铺展理论、动力学浓度理论和复合理论等方面,研究者发现依整于乳状液讹诈生以及辊轧速度等加工特性而形成的膜层厚度与理论值有较大的差异。本文旨在综合有关文献的基础上,探讨研究各研究者发表的胶丰明显判别之处的论点。对不同的水包油型乳状液的润滑进行了分类和描述,发现与速度因素有很大的关系,低速时主要呈现铺展润滑机理, 相似文献
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