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K. Munakata T. Kuwabara J.W. Bieber P. Evenson R. Pyle S. Yasue C. Kato Z. Fujii M.L. Duldig J.E. Humble M.R. Silva N.B. Trivedi W.D. Gonzalez N.J. Schuch 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,36(12):2357-2362
We analyze the cosmic-ray anisotropy observed by a prototype network of muon detectors during geomagnetic storms associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The network currently consists of multidirectional surface muon detectors at Nagoya (Japan) and Hobart (Australia), together with a prototype detector at São Martinho (Brazil) which has been in operation since March, 2001. In this report, we analyze the anisotropy recorded in both the muon detector and neutron monitor (the Spaceship Earth) networks and find significant enhancements of cosmic-ray anisotropy during geomagnetic storms. Following the analysis by Bieber and Evenson [Bieber, J.W., Evenson, P. CME geometry in relation to cosmic ray anisotropy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 2955–2958] for the neutron monitor data at 10 GeV, we also derive cosmic-ray density gradients from muon data at higher-energy (50 GeV), possibly reflecting the larger-scale geometry of CMEs causing geomagnetic storms. We particularly find in some events the anisotropy enhancement clearly starting prior to the storm onset in both the muon and neutron data. This is the first result of the CME-geometry derived from simultaneous observations of the anisotropy with networks of multidirectional muon detectors and neutron monitors. 相似文献
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A model of solar energetic particles for use in calculating LET spectra developed from ONR-604 data.
J Chen D Chenette T G Guzik M Garcia-Munoz K R Pyle Y Sang J P Wefel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):675-680
A model of solar energetic particles (SEP) has been developed and is applied to solar flares during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission using data measured by the University of Chicago instrument, ONR-604. The model includes the time-dependent behavior, heavy-ion content, energy spectrum and fluence, and can accurately represent the observed SEP events in the energy range between 40 to 500 MeV/nucleon. Results are presented for the March and June, 1991 flare periods. 相似文献
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J Chen D Chenette R Clark M Garcia-Munoz T G Guzik K R Pyle Y Sang J P Wefel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):765-769
The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contain fully stripped nuclei, from Hydrogen to beyond the Iron group, accelerated to high energies and are a major component of the background radiation encountered by satellites and interplanetary spacecraft. This paper presents a GCR model which is based upon our current understanding of the astrophysics of GCR transport through interstellar and interplanetary space. The model can be used to predict the energy spectra for all stable and long-lived radioactive species from H to Ni over an energy range from 50 to 50,000 MeV/nucleon as a function of a single parameter, the solar modulation level phi. The details of this model are summarized, phi is derived for the period 1974 to present, and results from this model during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission are presented. 相似文献
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J.A. Pyle A.M. Závody J.E. Harries P.H. Moffat 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(4):117-120
Stratospheric concentrations of OH have been derived from LIMS measurements of minor constituents. Two methods have been used. Assuming that HNO3 and NO2 are in photochemical steady state, LIMS measurements of these species, with knowledge of appropriate rate constants and a calculation of the HNO3 photolysis rate, allow nearly global fields of OH to be derived. The derived profiles show satisfactory agreement with observations. As a check on our method, OH has also been derived by calculations of its sources and sinks using LIMS measurements of H2O. The two methods agree extremely well in low latitudes. At higher latitudes the agreement is less satisfactory. This is discussed in terms of the diurnal behaviour of the species and the time constant of the HNO3/NO2 equilibrium. 相似文献
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Over the last few years, great strides have been made in providing access to data, both archival and near-real-time, for researchers
throughout the field of Space Science. Neutron monitor data, in particular, has for many decades enjoyed a unique history
of world-wide collaborative efforts and the unrestricted sharing of datasets among researchers. This is in large part due
to the nature of the measurements made by neutron monitors; an understanding of the time-varying, anisotropic galactic or
solar cosmic ray spectrum in most cases requires that data from a large array of stations needs to be considered, and often
that array must be global in scope. This paper will attempt to summarize the current availability of neutron monitor data,
by (a) describing the current status of archival data and near-real-time data access to neutron monitor data, and (b) looking
into the future, with an emphasis on the use of the World Wide Web and other electronic means as the source mechanism. Public
outreach efforts using active neutron monitors will also be discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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