Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME–MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment.     

机上互联:航空公司面临艰难的选择

随着时代的发展,加装机上互联系统已经成为了航空公司必须面对的选择之一,因为它能够为飞机乘客、飞行员、MRO供应商等民航业不同层次的参与者带来全新的变化和效率的提升。但当前摆在航空公司面前的是如何选择机上互联系统或供应商,如何赶上先进技术红利并守住自己的成本底线。为此,机上互联供应商也在不断优化产品,其中部件标准化首当其冲。     

Recursive temporal-spatial information fusion with applications totarget identification

Centralized/distributed recursive algorithms for temporal-spatial information integration using the Dempster-Shafer technique are developed. Compared with the Bayesian approach, the Dempster-Shafer technique has the strong capability of handling information uncertainties, which are particularly desirable in many applications. In the centralized integration algorithm, all information is pooled into the central processor and integrated. In contrast, the distributed integration algorithm shares the computational burden among the local processors, which increases the computational efficiency. The developed algorithms are effectively applied to a target identification problem with three sensors: identification of friend-foe-neutral (IFFN), electronic support measurement (ESM), and infrared search and track (IRST)     

UWB Perimeter Surveillance

This program will develop an automated and unmanned ultra-wide band (UWB) perimeter surveillance sensor designed to provide detection and tracking of personnel and vehicles at the perimeter of critical areas such as military installations and other such facilities. This effort describes the work being done for the protection of high value assets using a compact system which incorporates two technologies to enhance the probability of detection in stressing environments     

国外维修企业的未来

大约两年前,美国国会颁布法律,禁止美国联邦航空局(FAA)为新提出申请的国外MRO企业签发维修许可证.现在又将可能出台一条新的法规,阻止FAA为国外MRO企业更新维修许可证.     

NBAA Sees Benefits with East Coast Airspace Redesign

正The FAA's airspace optimization initiative on the U.S.East Coast is expected to bring incremental relief to constraints in business aviation travel beginning with changes taking place this month,according to NBAA.Under the FAA's Northeast Corridor Atlantic Coast Routes (NEC ACR) initiative,"operators will see significant changes ahead of the project's targeted November 2020 completion date,"the association said.     

“项目引导”培养维修人才

虽然近期世界航空运输业的形势令人堪忧.但未来20年,维修人员的供需矛盾同样很尖锐.因此,美国公务机协会(NBAA)提出了"项目引导" (Project Bootstrap)计划,旨在以此吸引、稳定和培养有志于航空维修业的年轻人,带动航空维修队伍整体素质的提升.通过不断提高航空维修人员的技术水平、创新能力和组织协调能力,进一步改善航空维修人员的待遇及社会地位.     

Aperture Synthesis for Ionospherically Propagated HF Radio Signals

A high-frequency (HF) aperture was synthesized by receiving ionospherically propagated signals in an airplane. The signals used the one-hop F lower ray mode to propagate a distance of 2600 km and were processed to yield equivalent aperture lengths of 10 km and 70 km. It was shown that apertures of up to 10 km in length could sometimes achieve their ideal free-space directivity without use of ionospheric compensation.     

Plasma Jet Motion Across the Geomagnetic Field in the “North Star” Active Geophysical Experiment

The active geophysical rocket experiment North Star was carried out in the auroral ionosphere on January 22, 1999, at the Poker Flat Research Range (Alaska, USA) using the American research rocket Black Brant XII with explosive plasma generators on board. Separable modules with scientific equipment were located at distances of from 170 to 1595 m from the plasma source. The experiment continued the series of the Russian–American joint experiments started by the Fluxus experiment in 1997. Two injections of aluminum plasma across the magnetic field were conducted in the North Star experiment. They were different, since in the first injection a neutral gas cloud was formed in order to increase the plasma ionization due to the interaction of neutrals of the jet and cloud. The first and second injections were conducted at heights of 360 and 280 km, respectively. The measurements have shown that the charged particle density was two orders of magnitude higher in the experiment with the gas release. The magnetic field in the first injection was completely expelled by the dense plasma of the jet. The displacement of the magnetic field in the second injection was negligible. The plasma jet velocity in both injections decreased gradually due to its interaction with the geomagnetic field. One of the most interesting results of the experiment was the conservation of high plasma density during the propagation of the divergent jet to considerable distances. This fact can be explained by the action of the critical ionization velocity mechanism.     

The role of image processing in mineral exploration: Why stop at Landsat?

Digital image processing procedures can be applied to data other than Landsat. Registered images of ancillary data such as may be derived from airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys provide new insights into existing data and extend the usefulness of satellite imagery. In times of increasing costs and difficulty of exploration better information handling is at a premium. It should be remembered that the field geologist is the ultimate end-user of most geological information, and as such the data should be easily useable and interpretable by him.