第6讲 人的可靠性工程的应用和发展趋势

人的可靠性工程是一门年轻的学科,它具有涉及面广、内容多等特点。最初,人因工程的应用只限于诸如军事系统等特定的重要领域内。如今,这门学科的作用已经遍及许多领域,它的应用呈日益增长的趋势。分别表现在:     

The Interplanetary Internet: a communications infrastructure for Mars exploration

A strategy is being developed whereby the current set of internationally standardized space data communications protocols can be incrementally evolved so that a first version of an operational "Interplanetary Internet" is feasible by the end of the decade. This paper describes its architectural concepts, discusses the current set of standard space data communications capabilities that exist to support Mars exploration and reviews proposed new developments. We also speculate that these current capabilities can grow to support future scenarios where human intelligence is widely distributed across the Solar System and day-to-day communications dialog between planets is routine.     

Research priorities and plans for the International Space Station-results of the 'REMAP' Task Force

Recent events in the International Space Station (ISS) Program have resulted in the necessity to re-examine the research priorities and research plans for future years. Due to both technical and fiscal resource constraints expected on the International Space Station, it is imperative that research priorities be carefully reviewed and clearly articulated. In consultation with OSTP and the Office of Management and budget (OMB), NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) assembled an ad-hoc external advisory committee, the Biological and Physical Research Maximization and Prioritization (REMAP) Task Force. This paper describes the outcome of the Task Force and how it is being used to define a roadmap for near and long-term Biological and Physical Research objectives that supports NASA's Vision and Mission. Additionally, the paper discusses further prioritizations that were necessitated by budget and ISS resource constraints in order to maximize utilization of the International Space Station. Finally, a process has been developed to integrate the requirements for this prioritized research with other agency requirements to develop an integrated ISS assembly and utilization plan that maximizes scientific output.     

航天飞机用的液体火箭助推器

用液体火箭发动机作为航天飞机助推器的设想虽然很早有人提出过,但被人们搁置了达20年之久.美国肮天局早期的结论认为液体火箭发动机不能承受海水浸渍.但自从“挑战者”号航天飞机固体助推器发生故障而导致灾难性事故之后,美国航天局又重新对液体助推器方案进行了考查,以了解这种方案能否对安全飞行有所改善,以及能否增加有效载荷.这段时间美国肮天局及其承包公司进行了论证,发现液体助推器有不少好处,例如一旦出现故障,实现中止飞行的可信度较高;可增加有效载荷,对低地球轨道     

导引头实物仿真技术

讨论了美国陆军导弹司令部在研制面空导弹时采用的导引头实物仿真技术.目前在导弹系统的研制过程中,人们受到很多限制,例如经费有限,需要进行可靠的系统试验,要求在逼真的环境,包括电磁干扰和抗干扰环境中评价系统等.导引头实物仿真试验能为解决上述问题发挥重要作用.介绍和讨论了射频、非红外成像和电-光波段的现有仿真设备及其性能;举例介绍了最近完成的仿真试验结果及其对降低导弹系统研制成本所起的作用.最后介绍了主要的仿真技术和美国陆军提高仿真器能力的未来计划.