高级靶场测量飞机

本文描述了高短靶场测量飞机(ARIA)及其目前和未来在全球范围内保障试验和鉴定活动的计划。     

商业化和专业化——浅析澳大利亚航空工业

澳大利亚是生产飞机较早的国家之一,其自行设计的第一架飞机于1910年试飞。澳大利亚航空工业1936年以前为创始期,在二战期间得到迅速发展:先后自行设计制造或仿制英、美战斗机多种,总数近2000架,从业人员最多时曾达到4.4万人。但战后整个航空工业迅速收缩,到1948年,从业人数降至4100人。在政府的支持下,澳大利亚航空工业根据自身的条件开展小型民用飞机和导弹的设计制造工作。     

波音公司研发微小卫星

波音公司研发的1颗微小卫星——CubeSat试验台1（CSTB1）——于4月17日搭乘“第聂伯’’火箭从哈萨克斯坦的拜科努尔发射场发射升空。CSTB1重约0．9千克，有4台微处理器，2个独立的无线电通信系统，2块大容量可充电锂电池，1部可展开天线，1套复杂的控制系统（利用太阳和磁场传感器确定航天器的姿态），1套使用磁扭矩线圈的简单姿态控制系统和包含传感器和电子仪器的多功能仪表板。     

Remote sensing of planetary properties and biosignatures on extrasolar terrestrial planets

The major goals of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and the European Space Agency's Darwin missions are to detect terrestrial-sized extrasolar planets directly and to seek spectroscopic evidence of habitable conditions and life. Here we recommend wavelength ranges and spectral features for these missions. We assess known spectroscopic molecular band features of Earth, Venus, and Mars in the context of putative extrasolar analogs. The preferred wavelength ranges are 7-25 microns in the mid-IR and 0.5 to approximately 1.1 microns in the visible to near-IR. Detection of O2 or its photolytic product O3 merits highest priority. Liquid H2O is not a bioindicator, but it is considered essential to life. Substantial CO2 indicates an atmosphere and oxidation state typical of a terrestrial planet. Abundant CH4 might require a biological source, yet abundant CH4 also can arise from a crust and upper mantle more reduced than that of Earth. The range of characteristics of extrasolar rocky planets might far exceed that of the Solar System. Planetary size and mass are very important indicators of habitability and can be estimated in the mid-IR and potentially also in the visible to near-IR. Additional spectroscopic features merit study, for example, features created by other biosignature compounds in the atmosphere or on the surface and features due to Rayleigh scattering. In summary, we find that both the mid-IR and the visible to near-IR wavelength ranges offer valuable information regarding biosignatures and planetary properties; therefore both merit serious scientific consideration for TPF and Darwin.     

Mineralogical biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as by-products of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical.     

F5—1型航空发动机温度限制器的研制

介绍了用于发动机的温度限制器的工作原理，所采用的关键技术及实际应用情况。使用情况表明，该限制器设计合理，具有工作可靠，稳定，精度高的特点，实用价值较高。     

统计过程控制在西飞公司波音737-700垂尾上的应用

基于对美国波音公司先进质量体系和美国通用电器公司的六西格玛管理的研究,建立了适用于西飞公司的统计过程控制管理体系,并将该体系应用于西飞公司波音737-700垂尾的生产过程控制。实践表明,该体系的应用完善了现有统计过程控制的管理体系,同时提高了产品质量,增加了公司效益。     

基于分数阶理论的铁路基础设施形变监测数据分析与挖掘

北斗高精度定位系统因噪声等因素会产生一定范围内的随机误差,这导致传统模型难以直接对监测数据进行精准分析,因此提出基于分数阶理论的北斗监测数据分析方法,从数据整体趋势角度挖掘铁路基础设施形变演化规律。首先,给出分数阶分析方法的理论框架,并对基础理论进行详细介绍;其次,提出利用α稳定分布对原始数据进行概率密度拟合,实现数据的非高斯特性估计;再次,通过长程相关特性和多重分形特性挖掘隐藏在监测数据中的深层次趋势特征,从数据分数阶特性维度分析未来变化趋势;最后,所提分析方法应用于国内某重载铁路的基础设施形变监测,实验结果表明所提出的分析方法能够在噪声干扰下实现北斗监测数据的精准分析,能够对各组监测数据的演化规则和铁路基础设施形变程度进行精准判别。     

深空网通信技术的发展

深空网(DSN)是由国家航空航天局(NASA)空间操作办公室(OSO)资助的,它为NASA的深空任务、月球及远地轨道任务提供通信和导航支持。深空网的设施在不断发展,其设备也用于行星探测、无线电科学以及射电天文学。在过去的30年中,深空网的通信和导航性能提高了许多个数量级。其接收灵敏度和无线电测量的数据精度接近目前可达到的最高水平,并可根据任务需要、技术发展以及资源用途进行改进。尽管一直在进行技术革新,但为了满足各种任务的要求,其操作不但要做到高度可靠,而且.还要具有通用性。 为了提高未来深空网的能力,正在积极开发先进技术。这些先进技术将在深空网中实施,将会为在通信和导航能力与航天器的质量和功率之间进行折衷提供更大的自由度。目前正在开发的主要领域有Ka波段(32GHz)技术、波束波导天线、低噪声放大器、编码、导航技术、大功率发射机以及光学技术。 本文介绍了目前正为深空网开发的技术及其在90年代中期和以后可能发挥的效益。