毫米波导引头的技术特点

论述了空空导弹毫米波导引头的主要技术特点及其在工程应用中存在的若干问题。着重讨论了空空导弹毫米波导引头较红外和微波导引头在分辨力、反隐身和抗干扰方面的技术优势，并就毫米波导引头在探测与跟踪、大功率器件研制和毫米波器件的精密加工等关键技术问题进行了分析。     

黄渤海晴空像元下雾霾识别的机器学习算法

为实时有效地识别和监测雾霾，选取2013年10月4日与10月5日的两景MODIS遥感图像，利用不同类型像元的光谱差异，基于神经网络模型，建立海上雾霾的遥感识别机器学习算法。经检验表明，在晴空条件下，机器学习算法反演精度相对较高，已超过98%，利用算法可以实现对中国近海上空雾霾的监测。     

含内热源的多孔方腔流热耦合非正交 MRT-LBM数值模拟

针对含内热源的多孔方腔内自然对流现象问题,采用非正交多弛豫时间（MRT）格子Boltzmann方法进行了研究。分析了Rayleigh数（104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106）、内热源布局方式（水平、垂直及对角布局）、内热源几何尺寸大小（A=1/16,1/8,3/16,1/4）及两内热源间的间距（S=5/64,13/64,21/64）对流动传热的影响。结果表明:在Ra=104,105和S=5/64的情况下,任意内热源几何尺寸,内热源采用对角布局方式可获得更好的对流换热效果;在Ra=105,106和S=13/64,21/64的情况下,水平布局方式更优;在内热源采用水平布局,Ra=104的情况下,任意内热源几何尺寸,对流换热效果均随着内热源间距的增大而增强;而随着Ra增大,内热源几何尺寸减小,对流换热效果随着内热源间距的增大先增大后减小,而后随着内热源间距增大其对流换热效果减弱;对角布局也有相似规律,在其他条件一致的情况下,随着内热源几何尺寸的增加,其对流换热效果增强。      

Nonconscious intelligence in the universe

Animals lacking humanoid intelligence have evolved systems indistinguishable in function, if not in structure, from systems built by humans. Although radio communication has never been verified in animals, it is completely feasible biologically. If such systems are present in non-intelligent organisms on other planets, then our chances of detecting life in the universe by current SETI methods are greatly enhanced.     

An examination of the carbon isotope effects associated with amino acid biosynthesis

Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) were determined for alanine, proline, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate (aspartic acid and asparagine), glutamate (glutamic acid and glutamine), lysine, serine, glycine, and threonine from metabolically diverse microorganisms. The microorganisms examined included fermenting bacteria, organotrophic, chemolithotrophic, phototrophic, methylotrophic, methanogenic, acetogenic, acetotrophic, and naturally occurring cryptoendolithic communities from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Here we demonstrated that reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis can be used to distinguish amino acids formed by life from those formed by nonbiological processes. The unique patterns of delta(13)C imprinted by life on amino acids produced a biological bias. We also showed that, by applying discriminant function analysis to the delta(13)C value of a pool of amino acids formed by biological activity, it was possible to identify key aspects of intermediary carbon metabolism in the microbial world. In fact, microorganisms examined in this study could be placed within one of three metabolic groups: (1) heterotrophs that grow by oxidizing compounds containing three or more carbon-to-carbon bonds (fermenters and organotrophs), (2) autotrophs that grow by taking up carbon dioxide (chemolitotrophs and phototrophs), and (3) acetoclastic microbes that grow by assimilation of formaldehyde or acetate (methylotrophs, methanogens, acetogens, and acetotrophs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that cryptoendolithic communities from Antarctica grouped most closely with the autotrophs, which indicates that the dominant metabolic pathways in these communities are likely those utilized for CO(2 )fixation. We propose that this technique can be used to determine the dominant metabolic types in a community and reveal the overall flow of carbon in a complex ecosystem.