排序方式: 共有9条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
J. Wicht M. Mandea F. Takahashi U. R. Christensen M. Matsushima B. Langlais 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):261-290
Mariner 10 measurements proved the existence of a large-scale internal magnetic field on Mercury. The observed field amplitude,
however, is too weak to be compatible with typical convective planetary dynamos. The Lorentz force based on an extrapolation
of Mariner 10 data to the dynamo region is 10−4 times smaller than the Coriolis force. This is at odds with the idea that planetary dynamos are thought to work in the so-called
magnetostrophic regime, where Coriolis force and Lorentz force should be of comparable magnitude. Recent convective dynamo
simulations reviewed here seem to resolve this caveat. We show that the available convective power indeed suffices to drive
a magnetostrophic dynamo even when the heat flow though Mercury’s core–mantle boundary is subadiabatic, as suggested by thermal
evolution models. Two possible causes are analyzed that could explain why the observations do not reflect a stronger internal
field. First, toroidal magnetic fields can be strong but are confined to the conductive core, and second, the observations
do not resolve potentially strong small-scale contributions. We review different dynamo simulations that promote either or
both effects by (1) strongly driving convection, (2) assuming a particularly small inner core, or (3) assuming a very large
inner core. These models still fall somewhat short of explaining the low amplitude of Mariner 10 observations, but the incorporation
of an additional effect helps to reach this goal: The subadiabatic heat flow through Mercury’s core–mantle boundary may cause
the outer part of the core to be stably stratified, which would largely exclude convective motions in this region. The magnetic
field, which is small scale, strong, and very time dependent in the lower convective part of the core, must diffuse through
the stagnant layer. Here, the electromagnetic skin effect filters out the more rapidly varying high-order contributions and
mainly leaves behind the weaker and slower varying dipole and quadrupole components (Christensen in Nature 444:1056–1058,
2006). Messenger and BepiColombo data will allow us to discriminate between the various models in terms of the magnetic fields
spatial structure, its degree of axisymmetry, and its secular variation. 相似文献
2.
G. Randall Gladstone Steven C. Persyn John S. Eterno Brandon C. Walther David C. Slater Michael W. Davis Maarten H. Versteeg Kristian B. Persson Michael K. Young Gregory J. Dirks Anthony O. Sawka Jessica Tumlinson Henry Sykes John Beshears Cherie L. Rhoad James P. Cravens Gregory S. Winters Robert A. Klar Walter Lockhart Benjamin M. Piepgrass Thomas K. Greathouse Bradley J. Trantham Philip M. Wilcox Matthew W. Jackson Oswald H. W. Siegmund John V. Vallerga Rick Raffanti Adrian Martin J.-C. Gérard Denis C. Grodent Bertrand Bonfond Benoit Marquet François Denis 《Space Science Reviews》2017,213(1-4):447-473
The ultraviolet spectrograph instrument on the Juno mission (Juno-UVS) is a long-slit imaging spectrograph designed to observe and characterize Jupiter’s far-ultraviolet (FUV) auroral emissions. These observations will be coordinated and correlated with those from Juno’s other remote sensing instruments and used to place in situ measurements made by Juno’s particles and fields instruments into a global context, relating the local data with events occurring in more distant regions of Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Juno-UVS is based on a series of imaging FUV spectrographs currently in flight—the two Alice instruments on the Rosetta and New Horizons missions, and the Lyman Alpha Mapping Project on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. However, Juno-UVS has several important modifications, including (1) a scan mirror (for targeting specific auroral features), (2) extensive shielding (for mitigation of electronics and data quality degradation by energetic particles), and (3) a cross delay line microchannel plate detector (for both faster photon counting and improved spatial resolution). This paper describes the science objectives, design, and initial performance of the Juno-UVS. 相似文献
3.
Carlson G.E. Bair G.L. Benoit C.M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1976,(2):152-161
A technique for utilizing on-board sensed horizon profiles and computer stored reference horizon profiles to provide navigation checkpoints for low-altitude aircraft is described. The technique has been analyzed using digitized terrain data and computer simulations to select the best method of horizon profile comparison, to determine horizon data density requirements, and to provide performance comparisons, system error limitations, and tradeoffs. Results of these analyses are shown to support feasibility conclusions and system parameter tradeoffs. 相似文献
4.
Unique springs, discharging from the surface of an arctic glacier, release H(2)S and deposit native sulfur, gypsum, and calcite. The presence of sulfur in three oxidation states indicates a complex series of redox reactions. Physical and chemical conditions of the spring water and surrounding environment, as well as mineralogical and isotopic signatures, suggest biologically mediated reactions. Cell counts and DNA analyses confirm bacteria are present in the spring system, and a limited number of sequenced isolates suggests that complex communities of bacteria live within the glacial system. 相似文献
5.
The Magnetic Field of the Earth’s Lithosphere 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Erwan Thébault Michael Purucker Kathryn A. Whaler Benoit Langlais Terence J. Sabaka 《Space Science Reviews》2010,155(1-4):95-127
The lithospheric contribution to the Earth’s magnetic field is concealed in magnetic field data that have now been measured over several decades from ground to satellite altitudes. The lithospheric field results from the superposition of induced and remanent magnetisations. It therefore brings an essential constraint on the magnetic properties of rocks of the Earth’s sub-surface that would otherwise be difficult to characterize. Measuring, extracting, interpreting and even defining the magnetic field of the Earth’s lithosphere is however challenging. In this paper, we review the difficulties encountered. We briefly summarize the various contributions to the Earth’s magnetic field that hamper the correct identification of the lithospheric component. Such difficulties could be partially alleviated with the joint analysis of multi-level magnetic field observations, even though one cannot avoid making compromises in building models and maps of the magnetic field of the Earth’s lithosphere at various altitudes. Keeping in mind these compromises is crucial when lithospheric field models are interpreted and correlated with other geophysical information. We illustrate this discussion with recent advances and results that were exploited to infer statistical properties of the Earth’s lithosphere. The lessons learned in measuring and processing Earth’s magnetic field data may prove fruitful in planetary exploration, where magnetism is one of the few remotely accessible internal properties. 相似文献
6.
Benoit Langlais Vincent Lesur Michael E. Purucker Jack E. P. Connerney Mioara Mandea 《Space Science Reviews》2010,152(1-4):223-249
Magnetic field measurements are very valuable, as they provide constraints on the interior of the telluric planets and Moon. The Earth possesses a planetary scale magnetic field, generated in the conductive and convective outer core. This global magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the rocks of the crust, of induced (i.e. aligned on the current main field) or remanent (i.e. aligned on the past magnetic field). The crustal magnetic field on the Earth is very small scale, reflecting the processes (internal or external) that shaped the Earth. At spacecraft altitude, it reaches an amplitude of about 20 nT. Mars, on the contrary, lacks today a magnetic field of core origin. Instead, there is only a remanent magnetic field, which is one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial one at spacecraft altitude. The heterogeneous distribution of the Martian magnetic anomalies reflects the processes that built the Martian crust, dominated by igneous and cratering processes. These latter processes seem to be the driving ones in building the lunar magnetic field. As Mars, the Moon has no core-generated magnetic field. Crustal magnetic features are very weak, reaching only 30 nT at 30-km altitude. Their distribution is heterogeneous too, but the most intense anomalies are located at the antipodes of the largest impact basins. The picture is completed with Mercury, which seems to possess an Earth-like, global magnetic field, which however is weaker than expected. Magnetic exploration of Mercury is underway, and will possibly allow the Hermean crustal field to be characterized. This paper presents recent advances in our understanding and interpretation of the crustal magnetic field of the telluric planets and Moon. 相似文献
7.
8.
Gypsum filled "pipe" features were discovered in the proglacial area of the Borup Fiord Pass supraglacial sulfur spring. Stable isotope data suggest that gypsum is formed through oxidation of sulfides and are consistent with models of sulfuric acid speleogenesis. These results suggest that gypsum pipes are paleo-spring discharge channels analogous to those that feed the modern sulfur spring at Borup Fiord. A conceptual model is proposed whereby retreat of the glacial front and associated growth of permafrost in ground exposed now to low arctic temperatures leads to "freezing-in" of the spring system and abandonment of old channels in favor of more open flow systems in the subglacial region. Results provide a model for glacially driven groundwater systems that may form in association with Mars' polar icecaps and potential geological signatures for paleo-groundwater discharge. 相似文献
9.
David H. Rodgers Patricia M. Beauchamp Laurence A. Soderblom Robert H. Brown Gun-Shing Chen Meemong Lee Bill R. Sandel David A. Thomas Robert T. Benoit Roger V. Yelle 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(4):309-326
MICAS is an integrated multi-channel instrument that includes an ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (80–185 nm), two high-resolution
visible imagers (10–20 μrad/pixel, 400–900 nm), and a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer (1250–2600 nm). The wavelength ranges were chosen
to maximize the science data that could be collected using existing semiconductor technologies and avoiding the need for multi-octave
spectrometers. It was flown on DS1 to validate technologies derived from the development of PICS (Planetary Imaging Camera
Spectrometer). These technologies provided a novel systems approach enabling the miniaturization and integration of four instruments
into one entity, spanning a wavelength range from the UV to IR, and from ambient to cryogenic temperatures with optical performance
at a fraction of a wavelength. The specific technologies incorporated were: a built-in fly-by sequence; lightweight and ultra-stable,
monolithic silicon-carbide construction, which enabled room-temperature alignment for cryogenic (85–140 K) performance, and
provided superb optical performance and immunity to thermal distortion; diffraction-limited, shared optics operating from
80 to 2600 nm; advanced detector technologies for the UV, visible and short-wavelength IR; high-performance thermal radiators
coupled directly to the short-wave infrared (SWIR) detector optical bench, providing an instrument with a mass less than 10
kg, instrument power less than 10 W, and total instrument cost of less than ten million dollars. The design allows the wavelength
range to be extended by at least an octave at the short wavelength end and to ∼50 microns at the long wavelength end. Testing
of the completed instrument demonstrated excellent optical performance down to 77 K, which would enable a greatly reduced
background for longer wavelength detectors. During the Deep Space 1 Mission, MICAS successfully collected images and spectra
for asteroid 9969 Braille, Mars, and comet 19/P Borrelly. The Borrelly encounter was a scientific hallmark providing the first
clear, high resolution images and excellent, short-wavelength infrared spectra of the surface of an active comet’s nucleus. 相似文献
1