Metabolic assessments during extra-vehicular activity

Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) has a significant role during extended space flights. It demonstrates that humans can survive and perform useful work outside the Orbital Space Stations (OSS) while wearing protective space suits (SS). When the International Space Station 'Alpha' (ISSA) is fully operational, EVA assembly, installation, maintenance and repair operations will become an everyday repetitive work activity in space. It needs new ergonomic evaluation of the work/rest schedule for an increasing of the labor amount per EVA hour. The metabolism assessment is a helpful method to control the productivity of the EVA astronaut and to optimize the work/rest regime. Three following methods were used in Russia to estimate real-time metabolic rates during EVA: 1. Oxygen consumption, computed from the pressure drop in a high pressure bottle per unit time (with actual thermodynamic oxygen properties under high pressure and oxygen leakage taken into account). 2. Carbon dioxide production, computed from CO2 concentration at the contaminant control cartridge and gas flow rate in the life support subsystem closed loop (nominal mode) or gas leakage in the SS open loop (emergency mode). 3. Heat removal, computed from the difference between the temperatures of coolant water or gas and its flow rate in a unit of time (with assumed humidity and wet oxygen state taken into account). Comparison of heat removal values with metabolic rates enables us to determine the thermal balance during an operative medical control of EVA at "Salyut-6", "Salyut-7" and "Mir" OSS. Complex analysis of metabolism, body temperature and heat rate supports a differential diagnosis between emotional and thermal components of stress during EVA. It gives a prognosis of human homeostasis during EVA. Available information has been acquired into an EVA data base which is an effective tool for ergonomical optimization.     

Subatmospheric decompression: neurological and behavioural studies

Several studies in animals over the past decade have shown that prolonged exposures to pressures within the range 226 mm Hg to 160 mm Hg (30,000 to 37,500 ft) are likely to lead to brain damage. This often results in neurological and behavioural disturbance, which may be subtle and reversible or gross and ultimately fatal. The appearance of these impairments is often delayed until several hours or even days after exposure. Immediate survival does not necessarily ensure recovery. In contrast, decompression to pressures below 160 mm Hg or above 226 mm Hg are unlikely to have adverse effects if the exposure is survived. The most probable outcomes of such decompressions are death or uneventful recovery.     

弯管模胎图形库管理系统的设计与实现

详细阐述了弯管模胎图形库的设计方案,并介绍了图形库的实现方式.最后通过实例阐明了系统在弯管模胎图形库管理中的具体应用.     

航空声学风洞的声学设计研究

随着航空运输业的发展,飞机的噪声问题日益引起人们的关注.开展航空声学试验研究的地面试验设备主要是航空声学风洞.笔者阐述了航空声学风洞声学设计的基本要求、应考虑的主要问题,提出了航空声学风洞声学设计的方法等.并将这些研究成果应用于引导风洞研制中,得到了在开口试验段风速80m/s时,气流外2m测点处背景噪声76.5dB(A)的结果.     

用于解距离和速度模糊的算法(英文)

为了提高检测性能和实现多功能 ,PD雷达常采用高、中、低脉冲重复频率 PRF。对应一定的脉冲重复频率 ,PRF会出现测距模糊、测速模糊。以聚类算法为基础 ,本文介绍了一种用于雷达目标解距离、速度模糊的滑窗相关器算法。该滑窗算法是一种遍历性的算法。文中对该算法的解模糊正确率、运算效率进行了讨论 ,分析了解模糊正确率与脉冲重复频率 PRF、检测范围、滑窗宽度间的关系 ,同时给出了仿真结果。     

Data fusion algorithm based on state and attribute parameter

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ETSS中代理与测试程序接口的实现

介绍了ＥＴＳＳ（评测支持系统）开发的背景，Ｍａｎａｇｅｒ／Ａｇｅｎｔ（管理者／代理）模型设计，ＥＴＳＳ的接口、管理、通信、同步、测试实施，以及Ａｇｅｎｔ（代理）和测试程序之间接口的实现。     

Deployment analysis of composite thin-walled lenticular tubes with effect of storage time and temperature

Composite Thin-walled Lenticular Tube(CTLT) is increasingly utilized in small satellites missions as a lightweight, foldable, and rollable structural material that facilitates the construction of large deployable systems. The CTLT is initially flattened and coiled around a central hub for storage before launch, during which elastic energy is stored as deformation energy, allowing it to be self-deployed on demand for use in orbit. This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the coiling,...     

Was Earth ever infected by martian biota? Clues from radioresistant bacteria

Here we propose that the radioresistance (tolerance to ionizing radiation) observed in several terrestrial bacteria has a martian origin. Multiple inconsistencies with the current view of radioresistance as an accidental side effect of tolerance to desiccation are discussed. Experiments carried out 25 years ago were reproduced to demonstrate that "ordinary" bacteria can develop high radioresistance ability after multiple cycles of exposure to high radiation dosages followed by cycles of recovery of the bacterial population. We argue that "natural" cycles of this kind could have taken place only on the martian surface, and we hypothesize that Mars microorganisms could have developed radioresistance in just several million years' time and, subsequently, have undergone transfer to Earth by way of martian meteorites. Our mechanism implies multiple and frequent exchanges of biota between Mars and Earth.