飞机美学刍议

飞机美学还是一个新名词,但作为飞机这个物体,不仅要求安全可靠,还应是美好的,很值得一读,并在工作中予以实现。本文从航空(航天)工业生产实际需要出发,系统地阐述了建立飞机(飞行器)美学的理由,研究对象和基本内容等,经初步研究,提出了飞机美学新学科的基本框架。同时论述了此学科对航空(航天)工业建设的重要性和应用价值,为此也提到对深入研究和普及教育等方面的对策和建议,相信读者会从中受到启示的。     

航空拾零四则

最近,据俄罗斯航空界权威人士称,不久将推出一种具有向后交战能力的苏-35单座战斗机和双座多用途改型机。 目前,苏-35的全部性能已经试飞完毕,其实用升限为18000米,高空最大时速为2500公里近地最大时速为1400公里,最大航程4000公里,空中加油一次的航程6500公里以上。最大作战载重为8000千克,可载     

波音公司居NASA国际空间站前百家承包商榜首

根据美航宇局（ＮＡＳＡ）１月份发表的年度采购报告，在ＮＡＳＡ的国际空间站合同中，波音公司在排名前１００家合同公司中名列第一，罗克韦尔国际公司居第二（参见表１）。但需要说明的是，ＮＡＳＡ的年度采购报告中并未把１９９５年３月已合并为一个公司的洛克希德公司...     

陆地卫星地面站天线系统G/T值计算

本文分析了北京陆地卫星地面站(北京站)天线的效率、增益、俯仰角为5°时的天线噪声温度、馈线损失引起的系统噪声温度增加、场放和场放后面各级对系统噪声温度的影响,最后计算了系统各个参考点上天线的G/T值,计算结果表明:天线系统的G/T值只与天线俯仰角的高低有关,与系统参考点的选择无关。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.