动量轮卸载对环月卫星SMART-1轨道的影响和定轨策略

动量轮卸载是卫星进行姿态控制的一种常用手段。通过对欧空局（ESA）首颗环月卫星SMART-1测轨资料的分析,计算了动量轮卸载对卫星轨道的影响,特别讨论了在动量轮卸载的精确信息未知时提高卫星定轨和预报精度的策略。计算表明,2006年5月29日至6月2日期间,SMART-1多达19次的动量轮卸载过程使得其轨道位置变化达到3km。如果不考虑动量轮卸载的影响,定轨结果相比于ESA重建轨道的位置误差最大可达742m。本文利用分段常数的经验加速度模型来模制动量轮卸载产生的小推力。计算表明,即使动量轮卸载的精确信息未知,采用该方法也可显著提高定轨和预报精度,定轨位置误差最大下降到246m。计算还表明,经验加速度的合理选择（周期性、常数或线性经验加速度）决定定轨精度的改善程度。考虑到我国的首颗探月卫星“嫦娥一号”也将采用动量轮卸载的方式进行姿态控制,本文的结论对我国的探月工程有一定的借鉴意义。     

导航控制系统用硅传感器的开发

当前，硅微机械器件引起导航与控制系统传感器开发者们越来越密切的关注，微硅加速度计和角速率传感器最根本的优势在于其体积小，功耗低，相对成本较低，而且与微电睡的组合成本低，可实现。本文介绍了ＲＤＣ在微硅加速度计和多用传感器研制方面的成果，介绍了硅平衡式加速度计和频率输出型开环加速度计的基本特性，同时，探讨了今后导航和控制系统中硅微机械应用的技术路线。     

Was Earth ever infected by martian biota? Clues from radioresistant bacteria

Here we propose that the radioresistance (tolerance to ionizing radiation) observed in several terrestrial bacteria has a martian origin. Multiple inconsistencies with the current view of radioresistance as an accidental side effect of tolerance to desiccation are discussed. Experiments carried out 25 years ago were reproduced to demonstrate that "ordinary" bacteria can develop high radioresistance ability after multiple cycles of exposure to high radiation dosages followed by cycles of recovery of the bacterial population. We argue that "natural" cycles of this kind could have taken place only on the martian surface, and we hypothesize that Mars microorganisms could have developed radioresistance in just several million years' time and, subsequently, have undergone transfer to Earth by way of martian meteorites. Our mechanism implies multiple and frequent exchanges of biota between Mars and Earth.     

高超声速飞行器表面气动热和粘性摩擦力计算

本文给出了高超声速飞行器表面摩阻和传热系数 (斯坦顿数 )的计算结果。采用两种方法平面切面法亦即二维边界层近似法和工程方法计算了飞行器高超声速绕流的粘性效应 ,并对两种方法的计算结果作了仔细的比较。由文可见 ,对于在稠密大气层内 ,沿轨道运行头速度恒定的高超声速有翼飞行器 ,能够用本文所采用的两种方法计算其表面摩阻和热载荷。此二法可成功地应用于绕复杂形状物体的流动参数计算。     

民航机场扶梯节能改造

本文简要论述了民航机场扶梯节能改造项目的论证、过程及鉴定．     

高超声速飞行器表面气动热和粘性摩擦力计算

本文给出了高超声速飞行器表面摩阻和传热系数（斯坦顿数）的计算结果，采用两种方法平面切面法亦即二维边界层近似法和工程方法计算了飞行器高超声速绕流的粘性效应，并对两种方法的计算结果作了仔细的比较，由文可见，对于在稠密大气层内，沿轨道运行头速度恒定的高超声速有翼飞行器，能够用本文所采用的两种方法计算其表面摩阻和热截荷，此二法可成功地应用于绕复杂形状物体的流动参数计算。     

“金工”课试行课程设计的探讨

一、试行课程设计的必要性 在工科院校中,中专、大专层次的培养目标是应用型的技术人员,要求学生在专业上有较强的实践能力,以便毕业后能较快地适应和担负起本职工作。因而如何处理好课程内容理论与实践相结合的问题,如何加强实践教学环节是近几年来各门课程教学改革的主要内容和努力方向。     

Effect of fluid and salt supplementation on body hydration of athletes during prolonged hypokinesia

Body hydration decreases significantly during hypokinesia (HK) (diminished movement), but little is known about the effect of fluid and salt supplements (FSS) on body hydration during HK. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of FSS on body hydration during HK. Studies were done during 30 days pre HK period and 364 days HK period. Thirty male athletes aged 24.5 +/- 6.6 yr were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into three groups: unsupplemented ambulatory control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS) and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). Hypokinetic subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 km day-1. The SHKS group took daily 30 ml of water/kg body weight and 0.1 g of sodium chloride (NaCl)/kg body weight. Control subjects experienced no changes in their professional training and routine daily activities. Plasma volume (PV), urinary and plasma sodium (Na) and potassium (K), plasma osmolality, plasma protein, whole blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct), plasma renin activity (PRA) plasma aldosterone (PA) levels, physical characteristics, food and fluid intakes were measured. Plasma osmolality, plasma protein, urinary and plasma Na and K, whole blood Hct and Hb, PRA and PA levels decreased significantly (p < or = 0.01), while PV and body weight increased significantly (p < or = 0.01) in the SHKS group when compared with the UHKS group and did not change when compared with the UACS group. Plasma osmolality, plasma protein, urinary and plasma Na and K, PRA and PA, whole blood Hb and Hct levels increased significantly (p < or = 0.01), while PV body weight, food and fluid intakes decreased significantly (p < or = 0.01) in UHKS group when compared with the SHKS and UACS groups. The measured parameters did not change in the UACS group when compared with their baseline control values. It was shown that during HK body hydration decreased significantly, while during HK and FSS body hydration increased significantly. It was concluded that daily intake of FSS prevents the decrease of PV and blunts the increase of activity of the PRA and PA during prolonged HK.     

Fluid and salt supplementation effect on body hydration and electrolyte homeostasis during bed rest and ambulation

Bed rest (BR) induces significant urinary and blood electrolyte changes, but little is known about the effect of fluid and salt supplements (FSS) on catabolism, hydration and electrolytes. The aim was to measure the effect of FSS on catabolism, body hydration and electrolytes during BR.

Studies were done during 7 days of a pre-bed rest period and during 30 days of a rigorous bed rest period. Thirty male athletes aged, 24.6±7.6 years were chosen as subjects. They were divided into three groups: unsupplemented ambulatory control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented bed rested subjects (UBRS) and supplemented bed rested subjects (SBRS). The UBRS and SBRS groups were kept under a rigorous bed rest regime for 30 days. The SBRS daily took 30 ml water per kg body weight and 0.1 sodium chloride per kg body weight.

Plasma sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels, urinary Na, K, Ca and Mg excretion, plasma osmolality, plasma protein level, whole blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) level increased significantly (p≤0.05), while plasma volume (PV), body weight, body fat, peak oxygen uptake, food and fluid intake decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the UBRS group when compared with the SBRS and UACS groups. In contrast, plasma and urinary electrolytes, osmolality, protein level, whole blood Hct and Hb level decreased significantly (p≤0.05), while PV, fluid intake, body weight and peak oxygen uptake increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the SBRS group when compared with the UBRS group. The measured parameters did not change significantly in the UACS group when compared with their baseline control values.

The data indicate that FSS stabilizes electrolytes and body hydration during BR, while BR alone induces significant changes in electrolytes and body hydration. We conclude that FSS may be used to prevent catabolism and normalize body hydration status and electrolyte values during BR.