激光熔敷氧化锆热障涂层微观结构研究

采用5KW连续CO_2激光器对Ni基高温合金上二次重熔NiCoCrAlY和ZrO_2陶瓷层进行了研究。结果表明:激光快速熔化和凝固获得定向外延生长、紧密堆积的柱状晶氧化锆陶瓷层。NiCoCrAlY结合层与柱状晶之间存在氧化铝层,保证了柱状晶与NiCoCrAlY层的联结。激光重熔ZrO_2层由四方相和立方相组成,经快速冷却由高温保留至室温。     

S波自旋单态底夸克偶素衰变到粲夸克对

对S波自旋单态底夸克偶素衰变到粲夸克对进行了研究,同时还研究了S波自旋单态和自旋三重态底夸克偶素衰变到D介子对。利用BaBar实验组测量得到的自旋三重态底夸克偶素衰变到D介子分支比的数据,发现自旋三重态底夸克偶素的色八重态矩阵元远小于理论预言,理论预言要比实验上限大20倍以上;得到S波自旋单态底夸克偶素衰变到粲夸克对的分支比的理论预言,可以进行实验测量从而研究色八重态矩阵元;得到S波自旋单态底夸克偶素衰变到D介子对的分支比的理论预言,与其他理论预言差异较大。这些预言可以通过BelleⅡ的实验进行验证,从而得到更多强子化的信息。      

Debris area distribution of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact

Cross-sectional area is an important parameter for spacecraft breakup debris as it is the directly measured data in space observation. It is significant for observing and analysing the spacecraft breakup event to accurately modelling the area distribution of the breakup debris. In this paper, experimental study has been performed on debris area distribution characteristics of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact. The tests are carried out at the ballistic ranges of CARDC. Aluminium projectiles are launched to normally impact the simulated spacecrafts at about 3.0 km/s. The simulated spacecrafts are made up of aluminium plates, filled with some simulated electronics boxes, each of which was installed with a circuit board. “Soft-catch” devices are used to recover the breakup fragments. The test results show that: 1) the relationship between the cross-sectional area and the characteristic length of debris, which can be obtained in the logarithmic coordinates by linear fitting, represents the debris shape characteristic in a certain extent; 2) the area-to-mass ratios of fragments show normal distributions in the logarithmic coordinates; 3) debris made of different materials can be distinguished by different peaks on the distribution curves; 4) the area-to-mass ratio distributions can be expressed by a linear superimposition of several normal functions which represent the main materials of the spacecraft.     

含能活性材料防护结构超高速撞击特性数值模拟研究

超高速撞击薄板的球形弹丸的临界破碎速度目前主要通过实验和数值模拟确定。文章提出一种求解弹丸临界破碎速度的理论思路：根据临界破碎前/后弹丸尾部特征点速度不同的特性,分别建立描述弹丸尾部特征点在临界破碎前/后速度的理论模型;基于两速度模型相等的临界条件,理论求解不同弹靶厚径比下弹丸的临界破碎速度,并与Piekutowski实验及经验曲线相关数据进行比较;进一步用FE-SPH自适应耦合方法数值模拟铝球超高速撞击铝板过程,对弹丸临界破碎速度理论模型预测值两侧的工况进行数值模拟验证。分析结果表明：理论模型预测值与实验和数值模拟结果吻合良好。该理论研究成果还可推广至不同材质弹/靶的球形弹丸超高速撞击薄板情形,对指导Whipple防护结构的设计具有重要意义。

     

Nuclear fragmentation database for GCR transport code development

A critical need for NASA is the ability to accurately model the transport of heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) through matter, including spacecraft walls, equipment racks, etc. Nuclear interactions are of great importance in the GCR transport problem, as they can cause fragmentation of the incoming ion into lighter ions. Since the radiation dose delivered by a particle is proportional to the square of (charge/velocity), fragmentation reduces the dose delivered by incident ions. The other mechanism by which dose can be reduced is ionization energy loss, which can lead to some particles stopping in the shielding. This is the conventional notion of shielding, but it is not applicable to human spaceflight since the particles in the GCR tend to be too energetic to be stopped in the relatively thin shielding that is possible within payload mass constraints. Our group has measured a large number of fragmentation cross sections, intended to be used as input to, or for validation of, NASA’s radiation transport models. A database containing over 200 charge-changing cross sections and over 2000 fragment production cross sections has been compiled. In this report, we examine in detail the contrast between fragment measurements at large acceptance and small acceptance. We use output from the PHITS Monte Carlo code to test our assumptions using as an example ⁴⁰Ar data (and simulated data) at a beam energy of 650 MeV/nucleon. We also present preliminary analysis in which isotopic resolution was attained for beryllium fragments produced by beams of ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Future work on the experimental data set will focus on extracting and interpreting production cross sections for light fragments.     

液体圆柱射流在气流中的破碎特性实验研究

本文采用高速相机对低速横向气流作用下的圆柱射流表面波发展及液柱断裂和破碎进行观察研究。实验喷嘴为直射式,孔径为1mm,长径比为20。工质采用水和空气;工况为：温度293K,液体射流速度为2~20m/s,雷诺数为2400~22400,横向气流速度为10~40m/s,气流韦伯数为1.6~25.6,液气动量比为5~127。高速相机帧幅为2000,曝光时间为16s。通过实验观察到横向气流气体韦伯数的变化导致射流破碎形式呈现不同形式变化,液体射流的无量纲表面波波长与气流韦伯数的-0.31幂指数方成正比;主液柱断裂点沿横向气流方向的距离随着液气动量比的增大而减小,而沿初始射流方向的距离随液气动量比的增大而增大;断裂后产生的液滴在沿横向气流方向的速度分量为横向气流速度的0.1倍左右,而沿初始液体射流方向的速度分量先呈现出与液气动量比线性增长关系,直到其变为射流初始速度的0.8倍左右并保持在这一水平。在上述研究基础上,本文拟合了低速射流表面波的波长与气流韦伯数间关系式以及射流破碎位置、射流轨迹及液柱断裂产生液滴的速度与射流初始条件间的数学关系。