火箭橇水刹车戽斗入水运动的阻力预测

火箭橇水刹车戽斗作为火箭橇高速试验的减速装置,附加质量较大,运行速度快,在利用水的冲击作用减速时,承受很大的载荷。为了确保火箭橇水刹车戽斗的安全,同时达到预期的减速效果,对火箭橇水刹车戽斗的运动情况进行数值仿真分析。借助Abaqus中的流固耦合技术,通过CEL方法对火箭橇水刹车戽斗入水运动情况进行分析,得到火箭橇水刹车戽斗在多种不同运动情况下的阻力曲线,并根据流体阻力理论计算公式,拟合出该火箭橇水戽斗入水的流体阻力计算公式。利用该公式可对该火箭橇水刹车戽斗在不同速度、不同初始水位高度下所受的阻力进行预测。     

摄影棚雨喷水淋灭火系统的设计

在一般的雨淋喷水灭火系统设计中,都是给出了一般的设计原则和设计参数,而要达到因地制宜的应用效果,必须结合具体场合的实际需要,进行重新设计,为此给出的小型摄影棚雨淋喷水灭火系统就是一个设计实例。     

高校图书馆须走开发之路

在分析了高校图书馆的发展现状和面临的困境之后，阐述了高校图书馆重视文献信息资源，走开发式道路的可能性与必然性，并提出了相应的对策。     

发动机缸体水套热芯盒模具在生产中存在的问题及解决方案

以发动机缸体水套为例着重论述了热芯盒模具在使用中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了解决方案,为以后的设计积累经验。     

软水密闭循环冷却系统研究及其应用

本文介绍了目前国际上较先进的软水密闭循环冷却水系统的原理和特点，结合酒钢不锈钢连铸冷却水系统的实例，在设计方法和经济效益等方面与敞开式循环冷却水系统进行了分析对比。得出软水密闭循环冷却系统用于结晶器设备冷却比采用工业水敞开系统具有很大的优势，在延长设备使用寿命上，合理利用水资源，节约生产用水等方面，软水密闭循环冷却系统具有明显的社会、经济及环境效益。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MICROBURST

ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＩＣＲＯＢＵＲＳＴＪｉａｎｇＤａｏｌｉｎｇ（蒋道玲），ＪｉｎｇＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇ（金长江）（Ｆａｃｕｌｔｙ５０９，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ...     

Private space exploration: A new way for starting a spacefaring society?

Since the beginning space was an exclusive domain of public organizations, the role of privates is becoming more and more important, and not only in commercial activities. However, the main international treaties dealing with this subject are still based on the assumption that space activities are mostly reserved to states. In the last decade the idea that the role of privates could include the management of space infrastructures and launch vehicles gained support and now private launch services are a reality. An even wider role of privates is now advocated and private exploration and exploitation missions are discussed. This requires that space activity in general can generate an attractive return and those business models are identified.     

Detection of regolith buried water stream channels on Mars with the help of synthetic aperture radar

A major theme in the study of Mars is the search for evidence that water was present in the past or is present today, either at or below the surface. Biological life is connected to water. Hence much research is focused on the detection of water stream channels, which in the past flowed on Mars. In these areas, the petrified remains of the former life on Mars may be found. These channels may be under the regolith layer; however, the radio wave penetrating ability allows for the detection of these channels under the regolith.     

The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems

To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m² with a combined volume of 200,000 m³ with a total water capacity of some 6 × 10⁶ L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m³ volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m² – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 10⁶ L, soil with 1 to 2 × 10⁶ l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 10⁵ L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 10⁵ L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 10³ L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 10⁴ L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m³ day⁻¹ (240–290 gal d⁻¹). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility.     

硅酸盐无机胶粘剂的研究

论述了一种硅酸盐胶粘剂，它具有强度高、耐水性和抗热震性好及固化温度低的特点。实验发现，金属Ａｌ粉的加入，可以有效地改善胶粘剂的强度和抗热震性，但使得用温度有所下降。而防水剂则可以有效抑制体系中碱金属离子的游离。