某舰飞行甲板区域流场特性的水洞试验

为了满足舰载直升机的需要，南航直升机技术研究所对某舰飞行甲板区域流场进行了水洞试验。本文详述了水洞试验的方法和技术，通过对舰模在各种水速、各种航行偏角状态下的试验，得到了大量照片，并据此对该舰机库后部、飞行甲板上部周围流场进行了分析，得出了在飞行甲板机库门外有一趋于收缩的稳态区，随着流速Ｖ的增大，这一区域变短。稳态区之后很快变为乱流区。从侧面上看，稳态区高度有从降低再向上扩散的趋向。在向右偏航时，     

Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.     

求解-维浅水波方程的中心差分格式

使用Haim Nessyahu和Eitan Tadmor给出的求解双曲型守恒律的中心差分交错格式求解浅水波方程,经一维溃坝问题数值实验验证了该格式对于求解浅水波方程的可行性和有效性。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

廊坊市市区水资源规划治理研究

水资源是人类赖以生存的资源,现今,水资源已成为制约我国民经济发展的障碍,如何在充分利用水资源、保护水资源的基础上发展经济,是实现可持续发展的重要条件。本文通过对废水排放量和规划用水量的预测,对廊坊市未来的水资源利用规划提出建议,实现可持续发展。     

论社区物质资源整合机制的构建

在社区各类资源中，物质资源最为重要，它是社区建设的物质基础和前提保障。社区物质资源的短缺极大地制约了社区建设和发展。因此，在建设和谐社区过程中，必须不断加强社区物质资源的整合。社区物质资源整合机制的构建主要包括社区资金的多元筹集机制和驻社区单位的资源共享机制。     

“双顺差”下中国经济隐含的危机

中国的国际收支正处于“双顺差”阶段,一些学者认为“双顺差”是中国经济迅速腾飞的必经阶段,而另一些学者提出“双顺差”正给中国带来巨大的福利损失。文章对“双顺差”的成因进行分析,指出“双顺差”使中国经济孕育的风险增加,环境污染加剧,资源和能源耗竭速度加快,企业遭遇贸易争端的风险增加,政府储备机构承受的风险越来越高。要控制和缓解“双顺差”带来的危机,可采取以下对策：优化利用外资结构,提高外商投资的门槛;优化和提升出口产品结构,禁止战略性资源出口;扩大内需,降低中国经济的对外贸易依存度;适当放松资本管制,但要抑制非法资本的流入;制定鼓励进口的政策,扩大进口贸易。     

动态MBean的原理及其对可变资源进行管理的应用

根据JMX框架管理应用程序的基本原理,分析了现实中可管理资源大多会随时间而发展变化的情况,针对可变资源给管理工作带来的困难,深入研究了JMX规范中定义的动态MBean,结合其它有关的java技术,给出了相应的解决方案。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机三维内流场数值模拟

采用颗粒轨道模型进行了燃气发生器式金属/水反应冲压发动机补燃室两相流的数值模拟,建立了水冲压发动机补燃室反应流模型,并对某发动机进行了模拟,研究了一次进水时不同喷注位置和喷孔个数对铝颗粒燃烧效率和发动机性能的影响规律,得出了反应物和产物组分、温度等发动机参数的变化趋势。结果表明,存在使发动机性能达到较优的进水位置,一次进水以2孔对称分布为宜。模拟结果可为发动机设计提供参考。     

灭火飞机投水动响应特性

大型灭火飞机投水飞行时,短时间内大吨位水量的投放会引起载机的动力响应问题.为此,采用小孔出流理论进行飞机投水量的数值模拟,以静气动弹性配平结果为初始条件,考虑飞机的刚体模态和弹性模态,用最小状态拟合技术进行非定常气动力建模,分析了飞机投水飞行时的响应特性；并以投水结束后的飞行状态为初始条件,以飞行操纵产生的舵偏角为输入,分析了飞机退场爬升时的响应特性.结果显示,灭火飞机投水时,飞行姿态和载荷会发生较小变化；退场爬升时,飞行姿态和载荷会发生显著变化.分析结果为大型灭火飞机的结构设计和飞行操纵提供了参考.