The Orbital Forcing of Climate Changes on Mars

Solar variability influences the climate of a planet by radiatively forcing changes over a certain timescale; orbital variations of a planet, which yield similar solar forcing modulations, can be studied within the same scientific context. It is known for Earth that obliquity changes have played a critical role in pacing glacial and interglacial eras. For Mars, such orbital changes have been far greater and have generated extreme variations in insolation. Signatures associated with the presence of water ice reservoirs at various positions across the surface of Mars during periods of different orbital configurations have been identified. For this reason, it has been proposed that Mars is currently evolving between ice ages. The advent of climate tools has given a theoretical frame to the study of orbitally-induced climate changes on Mars. These models have provided an explanation to many puzzling observations, which when put together have permitted reconstruction of almost the entire history of Mars in the last 10 million years. This paper proposes to give an overview of the scientific work dedicated to this topic.     

200km/h动力分散型电动旅客列车组车体表面压力分布试验研究

阐述了对我国首列200km/h动力分散型电动旅客列车组(先锋号列车)车体表面压力分布测试情况,对测量结果进行了较为详细的分析,最后用流场计算软件CFX对先锋号列车周围流场进行了数值模拟计算,并将计算结果与测量结果进行了对比,两者有较好的一致性。该研究结果可为空调装置及电器设备冷却风道进排风口位置的选取提供科学依据。     

基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态标定方法

介绍了一个基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态校准系统，研究了标定实验数据的处理方法，分析了该系统标定结果的重复性。试验结果表明该标定系统重复性好，可以满足0～30MPa，0～50kHz压力传感器动态标定的要求。     

圆锥形薄壁壳体的弹性稳定性

基于Donnell型扁壳理论,利用法分析了在均布外压作用下圆锥形薄壁壳体的弹性稳定性问题。根据外压实验观察结果和通过选取适当的位移分量表达式,文中给出了临界外压的近似表达式。数值结果表明,本文理论分析预示值与临界载荷的实验值很吻合。文中还对有关参数对临界载荷的影响进行了讨论。本文所得结果可供工程应用参考。     

南航立式水洞实验技术及应用

本文介绍了南航270mm×270mm立式水洞,对水洞流态显示技术中较为关键的几个问题:如试验模型设计,彩色染色液体配方,灯光与摄影技术等进行了简述,并对其实际应用提供了几个示例,以供参考。     

跃变型介质中原油渗流有限元计算

本文建立跃变型介质中原油渗流的数学模型,可用来描述油层(尤其是低渗透层)超高压注水条件下的不稳定渗流过程及其特征。用Galerkin有限元法进行了数值计算,讨论了介质跃变的影响。     

高精度稠粘流体压力传感器

一种高精度流体压力传感器,这种传感器除适用于测量普通气体、液体的压力外,特别适用于稠粘流体的压力测量。文中着重阐述了这种传感器的工作原理、结构特点及性能指标,并简要介绍了设计中的一些考虑,指出了这种传感器的发展潜力和应用前景。     

低速壁压信息洞壁干扰修正方法两个重要的新改进

本文介绍了对美国洛克希德公司Hackett,J.E.等人研究的壁压信息洞壁干扰修正方法两个重要的新改进。建立了一个简便方法,消除了原方法必须要在模型下游测到壁压的渐近分布,才能进行准确修正的苛刻条件;建立了一个测压试验洞壁干扰的改进修正方法,使测压与测力试验的修正方法一致。文中给出了两组模型的验证结果。本文的两个新改进,消除了壁压信息法应用中的突出难关,不仅拓宽了应用,并大为提高了测力、测压试验洞壁干扰修正的准确性。     

颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.