镁铝富燃料推进剂燃烧残渣影响因素理论分析

用最小自由能法计算了镁铝富燃料推进剂一次燃烧室产物的成分,分析了凝聚相C、Mg和A l产物含量的变化对燃烧残渣的影响;主要探讨了AP含量、Mg/A l比例、HTPB粘合剂含量、燃烧室压强对凝聚相C、Mg、A l燃烧产物含量的影响。计算结果表明,增加AP含量、设计Mg/A l比小于3/5、减小HTPB粘合剂含量、降低燃烧室压强均能减少凝聚相产物含量,有利于降低燃烧残渣。燃气发生器实验结果表明,Mg/A l比例对燃烧残渣影响的实验数据与理论分析一致。     

单晶合金蠕变性能影响因素分析

通过分析热处理工艺、元素含量、晶体取向性以及温度和应力对蠕变性能的影响,得出任何1种影响合金蠕变性能的因素其实质都是改变了合金的微观组织,并最终反映到γ′筏形的完善程度S、终端密度TD和线性密度LD上。S值越接近1,γ′筏形的完善程度越好,蠕变寿命就越长;而TD和LD值越大,微观组织图内筏形交叉和中断的数目就越多,蠕变寿命就越短。     

水冲压发动机的热力性能分析

针对水冲压发动机这一新型动力系统,详细分析了其工作过程,并建立了相应的热力计算模型。结合质量守恒方程、化学平衡方程和能量守恒方程建立了发动机热力计算理论,预估了发动机的性能,初步设定了燃烧室的工作压力,并分析了比冲、推力以及特征速度等性能参数随进水量的定性变化规律。综合考虑发动机性能及燃烧反应的启动温度,得出一次进水水燃比限定在0.5~1.9之间,总水燃比的上限为5.1,而水燃比为3.5时对应着最高比冲。     

导弹尾部外形对发动机水下点火推力的影响

利用球形气泡模型,通过数值求解研究了导弹尾部对发动机水下点火时推力峰值、尾部压力分布以及推力波动特性的影响.计算结果表明:尾部收敛段半锥顶角的变化对推力峰值影响较大,半锥顶角大于45°时,随着半锥顶角的减小,推力峰值缓慢下降;半锥顶角小于45°时,推力峰值随着半锥顶角的减小而加速下降;半锥顶角对推力达到峰值的时间影响较小;推力达到峰值时尾部收敛段压力分布变化较大;半锥顶角对推力波动特性影响很小.      

金属燃料/水冲压发动机一次进水试验

介绍了金属燃料/水冲压发动机试验系统,采用非壅塞式构型实现了镁基金属燃料发动机一次加水后稳定燃烧,试验中进水流量稳定,补燃室与燃烧室压强变化相同.试验研究了一次水燃比和燃料燃速对发动机燃烧性能的影响,试验结果表明:当一次水燃比在一定范围内变化时,发动机燃烧效率和喷射效率随水燃比增加而先增加后减少;增加燃料燃速可提高发动机燃烧效率和改善发动机工作性能,但燃速增加需满足发动机长时间工作需求.      

一种新的微细精密航空制造技术—纯水微细电解加工的工艺研究(英文)

为了寻求航空精密微细制造新技术并实现绿色制造和精密微细制造,对一种新型微细电解加工方法——纯水微细电解加工进行了研究。基于水解离机理,在新研制的试验装置上,采用不同的试验条件,进行了一系列工艺试验,探索并揭示了实现纯水微细电解加工的必要工艺条件和工艺规律,加工了圆孔和字母"PW-ECM";还研究了超声振动—纯水电解复合加工新方法,进而在不锈钢薄片上加工出三角、方形盲孔、三角通孔;试验研究结果证明了纯水微细电解加工的可行性。     

民机飞行结冰参数的模拟与校准

结冰问题的研究对于民用飞机设计十分重要,采用结冰风洞试验是主要的方法之一,欧美国家有很多成熟的结冰风洞用于型号研究。结冰风洞中需要对很多参数进行控制,其中水雾参数精确控制的难度很大,而且一般通过间接方法来进行测试校准,往往误差较大,导致不同结冰风洞试验结果往往有所差异。文章介绍了在意大利宇航中心的IWT 结冰风洞完成的冰风洞校准试验,对结冰风洞水雾参数校准方法进行了阐述,为民机结冰风洞研究提供参考。     

Day-to-day variability of equatorial anomaly in GPS-TEC during low solar activity period

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in the northern hemispheric equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region is investigated by using dual-frequency signals of the Global Positioning System (GPS) acquired from Rajkot (Geog. Lat. 22.29°N, Geog. Long. 70.74°E; Geom. Lat. 14.21°N, Geom. Long. 144.90°E), India. The day-to-day variability of EIA characteristics is examined during low solar activity period (F10.7∼83 sfu). It is found that the daily maximum TEC at EIA crest exhibits a day-to-day and strong semi-annual variability. The seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry in TEC at EIA is found non-existent and weaker, respectively. We found a moderate and positive correlation of daily magnitude of crest, Ic with daily F10.7 and EUV fluxes with a correlation coefficient of 0.43 and 0.33, respectively indicating an existence of a short-term relation between TEC at EIA and the solar radiation even during low solar activity period. The correlation of daily Ic with Dst index is also moderate (r = −0.35), whereas no correlation is found with the daily Kp index (r = 0.14) respectively. We found that the magnitude of EIA crest is moderately correlated with solar flux in all seasons except winter where it is weakly related (0.27). The magnitude of EIA crest is also found highly related with EEJ strength in spring (r = 0.69) and summer (r = 0.65) than autumn (0.5) and winter (r = 0.47), though EEJ is stronger in autumn than spring.     

GNSS single frequency ionospheric range delay corrections: NeQuick data ingestion technique

A study of the performance of the NeQuick model and the Klobuchar model for GNSS single frequency range delay correction on a global scale was done using data for moderate solar activity. In this study NeQuick was used in the way intended for Galileo. This study is to assess the performance of the two models at each ionospheric geographic region during moderate solar activity as previously published studies were concentrated only on high solar activity. The results obtained showed that NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar for the whole year at the three geographical regions of the ionosphere. In terms of monthly root mean square of mismodeling, NeQuick outperformed Klobuchar by 15 TECU or more at low-latitudes, 5 TEC or more at mid-latitudes, and 1 TECU or more at high-latitudes.     

顺载和管径对管内水沸腾两相流流动性的影响

利用地面转台旋转产生的离心力模拟飞行过载,并在此过载作用下进行了不同管径内沸水两相流实验.通过改变过载大小、管径、沸水流量等参数,得到沸水流动特性的初步变化规律,并对顺载作用下沸水的流型进行了拍摄.结果显示顺载和管径对沸水的流动会产生明显的影响.顺载作用使管内出现了一些新流型,并且增加了流动的不稳定性.压差随顺载的增大而减小,且管径越大其减小的程度越大.实验结果增加了动载下管道内工质流动特性的数据积累,同时对飞行器上蒸发循环制冷系统的理论分析和设计提供一定的借鉴和参考.