多重应力下滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

为了实现多重应力下滚动轴承的剩余寿命预测,有效利用不用应力下的退化数据,提出了一种基于加速模型和贝叶斯（Bayesian）理论的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。通过拟合优度检验和威布尔（Weibull）概率图检验法对滚动轴承试验中的数据进行有效性分析。利用switching Kalman filters(SKF)判断滚动轴承各时刻的退化状态。当滚动轴承进入加速退化时,用指数模型拟合轴承退化过程,利用广义线性对数模型表示退化模型参数与应力的关系,根据修正后的轴承实时退化数据利用贝叶斯算法更新模型参数,得到滚动轴承剩余寿命的概率密度函数,从而实现滚动轴承剩余寿命预测。采用XJTU-SY轴承数据集进行验证,预测结果的均方根误差在20 min以内,证明该方法能够有效预测滚动轴承的剩余寿命。     

高过载条件下绝热层烧蚀实验方法研究 (Ⅰ)方案论证及数值模拟

分析了高过载对固体火箭发动机流场和绝热层烧蚀的影响规律，提出一种新的研究思路：采用数值模拟方法来预示发动机三维两相流场，建立高过载流场模拟实验装置，开展绝热层烧蚀实验，建立高过载条件下的绝热层烧蚀模型，在此基础上发展高过载发动机绝热层设计和烧蚀预示方法。其中关键技术是高过载流场的模拟，对粒子加入法和弯管分离法两种方案进行了论证，认为弯管分离法原理上是可行的。为了验证这种方案的可行性，开展了弯管通道两相流的数值模拟研究，计算结果表明弯管装置具有使凝相粒子聚集形成高浓度粒子流的功能。     

涡喷发动机加速控制系统数学模型及数字仿真

 本文介绍了航空涡轮喷气发动机加速控制系统数学模型建立、数字仿真方法。由于加速过程是一个大偏离动态过程,因而发动机与加速控制器模型均用非线性方程描述,对非线性方程组求解和系统迭代方法本文进行了讨论。算例中分析了在不同飞行条件下发动机的加速规律。     

模糊分层模型参考自适应控制方法在机器人视觉伺服中的应用

研究了基于图像的视觉伺服机器人系统的控制问题。首先建立了视觉伺服GRB-400机器人的图像雅可比矩阵,然后针对该动态LookandMove系统提出了一种带有模糊自调整能力的分层模型参考自适应控制的设计方法,其特点是设计方法简单并可以在线调节相关参数,给出了闭环系统的阶跃响应实验结果,并与原分层模型参考自适应控制闭环系统的动态性能做了比较,实验证明了改进后的闭环系统具有更好的动态性能。     

Alfvénic Electron Acceleration in Aurora Occurs in Global Alfvén Resonosphere Region

Auroral emission caused by electron precipitation (Hardy et al., 1987, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12275–12294) is powered by magnetospheric driving processes. It is not yet fully understood how the energy transfer mechanisms are responsible for the electron precipitation. It has been proposed (Hasegawa, 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 5083–5090) that Alfvén waves coming from the magnetosphere play some role in powering the aurora (Wygant et al., 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 18675–18692, Keiling et al., 2003, Science 299, 383–386). Alfvén-wave-induced electron acceleration is shown to be confined in a rather narrow radial distance range of 4–5 R _E (Earth radii) and its importance, relative to other electron acceleration mechanisms, depends strongly on the magnetic disturbance level so that it represents 10% of all electron precipitation power during quiet conditions and increased to 40% during disturbed conditions. Our observations suggest that an electron Landau resonance mechanism operating in the “Alfvén resonosphere” is responsible for the energy transfer.     

基于生存力分析的战斗机超视距空战效能评估

超视距空战已经成为现代空战的主要模式。本文通过对战斗机生存力进行分析,用概率分析法计算了敏感性概率和易损性概率,评估了飞机生存率和飞机损失比等作战效能指标,发展了一种新的超视距空战效能的计算方法。给出了战斗机一对一超视距空战效能评估的计算实例,验证了计算方法的有效性。     

MESSENGER: Exploring Mercury’s Magnetosphere

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury offers our first opportunity to explore this planet’s miniature magnetosphere since the brief flybys of Mariner 10. Mercury’s magnetosphere is unique in many respects. The magnetosphere of Mercury is among the smallest in the solar system; its magnetic field typically stands off the solar wind only ∼1000 to 2000 km above the surface. For this reason there are no closed drift paths for energetic particles and, hence, no radiation belts. Magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause may erode the subsolar magnetosphere, allowing solar wind ions to impact directly the regolith. Inductive currents in Mercury’s interior may act to modify the solar wind interaction by resisting changes due to solar wind pressure variations. Indeed, observations of these induction effects may be an important source of information on the state of Mercury’s interior. In addition, Mercury’s magnetosphere is the only one with its defining magnetic flux tubes rooted beneath the solid surface as opposed to an atmosphere with a conductive ionospheric layer. This lack of an ionosphere is probably the underlying reason for the brevity of the very intense, but short-lived, ∼1–2 min, substorm-like energetic particle events observed by Mariner 10 during its first traversal of Mercury’s magnetic tail. Because of Mercury’s proximity to the sun, 0.3–0.5 AU, this magnetosphere experiences the most extreme driving forces in the solar system. All of these factors are expected to produce complicated interactions involving the exchange and recycling of neutrals and ions among the solar wind, magnetosphere, and regolith. The electrodynamics of Mercury’s magnetosphere are expected to be equally complex, with strong forcing by the solar wind, magnetic reconnection, and pick-up of planetary ions all playing roles in the generation of field-aligned electric currents. However, these field-aligned currents do not close in an ionosphere, but in some other manner. In addition to the insights into magnetospheric physics offered by study of the solar wind–Mercury system, quantitative specification of the “external” magnetic field generated by magnetospheric currents is necessary for accurate determination of the strength and multi-polar decomposition of Mercury’s intrinsic magnetic field. MESSENGER’s highly capable instrumentation and broad orbital coverage will greatly advance our understanding of both the origin of Mercury’s magnetic field and the acceleration of charged particles in small magnetospheres. In this article, we review what is known about Mercury’s magnetosphere and describe the MESSENGER science team’s strategy for obtaining answers to the outstanding science questions surrounding the interaction of the solar wind with Mercury and its small, but dynamic, magnetosphere.     

Galactic Wind: Mass Fractionation and Cosmic Ray Acceleration

The dynamical and chemical effects of the Galactic Wind are discussed. This wind is primarily driven by the pressure gradient of the Cosmic Rays. Assuming the latter to be accelerated in the Supernova Remnants of the disk which at the same time produce the Hot Interstellar Medium, it is argued that the gas removed by the wind is enriched in the nucleosynthesis products of Supernova explosions. Therefore the moderate mass loss through this wind should still be able to remove a substantial amount of metals, opening the way for stars to produce more metals than observed in the disk, by e.g. assuming a Salpeter-type stellar initial mass function beyond a few Solar masses. The wind also allows a global, physically appealing interpretation of Cosmic Ray propagation and escape from the Galaxy. In addition the spiral structure of the disk induces periodic pressure waves in the expanding wind that become a sawtooth shock wave train at large distances which can re-accelerate “knee” particles coming from the disk sources. This new Galactic Cosmic Ray component can reach energies of a few×10¹⁸ eV and may contribute to the juncture between the particles of Galactic and extragalactic origin in the observed overall Cosmic Ray spectrum.     

退化发动机加速性能恢复控制方法

针对退化发动机加速性能下降的现象,提出一种变喘振裕度约束的模型预测控制方法。通过分析退化发动机在加速过程中的工作特点,将加速过程分为三个阶段,在不同阶段采取不同的喘振裕度约束。鉴于模型预测控制能够显式处理约束、采用在线滚动优化来获取最优控制输入,采取模型预测控制方法,并采用具有较高实时性的交替方向乘子法求解优化问题,实现了退化发动机加速性能的恢复。数字仿真结果表明,采用本文所提出的加速性能恢复控制方法后,相比退化发动机,加速过程中所耗费的时间缩短了35%以上。     

2019年国外导航技术发展综述

近年来,国外导航技术的发展呈现出多系统融合的发展态势,结合2019年国外导航技术的发展动态,对美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、印度等国家和地区的卫星导航、惯性导航、天文导航、视觉导航、数据库匹配导航、仿生导航、量子导航和全源导航等技术发展现状进行了总结分析,并对相关技术发展进行了展望。