原位聚合热塑性复合材料及其成型工艺研究

热塑性树脂分子量大,熔体黏度高,采用热熔方法制备复合材料存在树脂流动性差、微观尺度上易形成复合缺陷的问题。采用原位聚合方法制备热塑性复合材料,不仅可以避免上述问题,还能够沿用热固性复合材料的成型方法,进而实现热塑性复合材料的高效率、低成本制造,因此原位聚合热塑性复合材料在复合材料应用领域具有广阔的应用前景。围绕几种原位聚合热塑性树脂,本文阐述了其复合材料性能及成型工艺的研究现状,并针对目前存在的问题,提出了4个研究方向：改性工艺与成型工艺的耦合、聚合环境洁净度和聚合反应对杂质的敏感性的控制、聚合反应放热温度的控制、液体成型树脂适用期的调控。     

Numerical study of transonic separation flow using an anisotropic turbulence model

A transonic turbulent separation flow in a converging-diverging transonic diffuser was studied, when there existed a separation bubble on the top wall of the diffuser triggered by strong shock-wave-boundary-layer-interaction (SWBLI). To capture the essential behavior of this complex flow, the current study utilized an anisotropic turbulence model developed on the basis of a statistical partial average scheme. The first order moment of turbulent fluctuations, retained by a novel average scheme, and the turbulent length scale, can be determined from the momentum equations and mechanical energy equation of the fluctuation flow, respectively. The two physical quantities were readily used to construct the nonlinear anisotropic eddy viscosity tensor and to significantly improve the computational results. Comparisons between the computational results and experimental data were carried out for velocity profiles, pressure distribution, skin friction coefficient, Reynolds stress as well as streamline vectors distribution. Without using any empirical coefficients and wall functions, the numerical results were in good agreement with the available experimental data, further confirming that the nonlinear anisotropic eddy viscosity tensor is the decisive factor for the success of the computational results.     

低熔体黏度聚酰亚胺树脂的合成和性能

合成了两种以苯乙炔基封端的聚酰亚胺树脂,并对其熔体黏度、热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,两种树脂在280℃/2h的熔体黏度均小于1Pa.s,并具有良好的熔体黏度稳定性,可以用RTM的方法加工成型。PI-1树脂的Tg和T5d分别是402和534℃,PI-2树脂的Tg和Td5分别是356和525℃。碳纤维增强的PI-1基复合材料在300℃下具有大于70%的性能保持率。     

湍流涡黏性模型方程中相位差的测量

基于理论上湍流相干结构复涡黏性模型对涡黏性系数的分析,应用热线测速技术测量了平板湍流边界层多尺度相干结构动力学方程中非相干结构成分对相干结构贡献的雷诺应力分量与相干结构流向速度流向变形率之间的相位差.分析了湍流边界层相干结构猝发过程中,非相干结构成分对相干结构贡献的雷诺应力分量与相干结构流向速度流向变形率之间的相位差沿湍流边界层法向的变化规律,为建立更加符合实际的湍流模型提供了实验依据.     

电器灌封用环氧泡沫塑料制备工艺研究

采用DSC技术和旋转粘度法对环氧发泡体系的反应过程进行深入的研究,探讨了不同预聚温度(60℃,70℃,80℃)下树脂发泡体系的粘度、固化度和时间的关系,分析了发泡速率和固化速率的匹配性,初步确定了两步法制备工艺.结果表明,制备的环氧泡沫塑料具有良好的综合性能.     

湍流涡黏性模型方程中相位差的测量

基于理论上湍流相干结构复涡黏性模型对涡黏性系数的分析,应用热线测速技术测量了平板湍流边界层多尺度相干结构动力学方程中非相干结构成分对相干结构贡献的雷诺应力分量与相干结构流向速度流向变形率之间的相位差。分析了湍流边界层相干结构猝发过程中,非相干结构成分对相干结构贡献的雷诺应力分量与相干结构流向速度流向变形率之间的相位差沿湍流边界层法向的变化规律,为建立更加符合实际的湍流模型提供了实验依据。     

基于锥形喷注器的凝胶推进剂流变特性数值研究

为探讨锥形喷注器内凝胶推进剂的流变特性,开发了基于同步重叠相加(SOLA)交错网格算法的非牛顿不可压流体求解器,粘性本构方程采用剪切稀化幂率模型,并采用Sicilian-Hirt部分网格法处理固壁边界,开展了凝胶推进剂流变特性历变过程的数值模拟。结果表明:构造的数值模型和处理方法是适用的,数值解与理论值有较高的吻合度,误差仅在10%以内;锥形喷注器可有效加剧凝胶推进剂的剪切"稀化"作用,平均表观粘性可降低近70%;细圆管段的存在会不利于"稀化";随着收敛角度的增大,喷注器出口截面的平均表观粘度会随之降低,50°时出口平均表观粘性仅为10°时的50%,但也会增加喷注器中的压力损失。     

矩阵的奇异值分解 在红外光谱预处理中的应用

研究了矩阵的奇异值分解在红外光谱预处理中的应用。对奇异值序列,采用间距最大最高峰原则,选择有效秩的阶次;对原始光谱进行奇异值降噪处理、一阶微分处理,用相关系数法选择建模谱段为3 100~2 650 cm~(-1)和1 600~1 250 cm~(-1);采用PLS法建立运动粘度的校正模型,并与卷积平滑等预处理方法进行比较。模型校正集的相关系数(R_c)为0.977 9,标准偏差SEC为0.100 5,预测集的相关系数(R_P)为0.941 2,标准偏差SEP为0.154 7。研究结果表明:奇异值分解和一阶微分相结合可有效去除光谱噪声和基线漂移的干扰,提高PLS分析模型的准确度。     

A study on turbulence transportation and modification of Spalart–Allmaras model for shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow

It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of turbulence models in shock-wave/ boundary layer interaction flow. The relationship between the pressure gradient, as well as the shear layer, and the development of turbulent kinetic energy in impinging shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow at Mach 2.25 is analyzed based on the data of direct numerical simulation(DNS). It is found that the turbulent kinetic energy is amplified by strong shear in the separation zone and the adverse pressure gradient near the separation point. The pressure gradient was non-dimensionalised with local density, velocity, and viscosity. Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) model is modified by introducing the non-dimensional pressure gradient into the production term of the eddy viscosity transportation equation. Simulation results show that the production and dissipation of eddy viscosity are strongly enhanced by the modification of S–A model. Compared with DNS and experimental data, the wall pressure and the wall skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity profile of the modified S–A model are obviously improved. Thus it can be concluded that the modification of S–A model with the pressure gradient can improve the predictive accuracy for simulating the shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction.     

一种新型水溶性增粘剂的研究

本文介绍了一种新型的水溶性增粘剂－－聚丙烯腈钠盐，对这种增粘剂在不同浓度和温度下的粘度变化情况进行了研究，添加量在20wt%左右时基本能达到水基润滑液的粘度要求，粘度指数VI＝400，在泵－喷嘴剪切试验装置上进行剪切试验，一段时间后，溶液粘度下降很慢，完成了充分剪切，剪切安定性好。