某型加力涡扇发动机变几何扩稳优化模拟

本文基于级特性和级叠积模型,发展了涡扇发动机风扇压气机导叶、静叶调节扩大发动机稳定裕度的计算模型,并将其与某型加力涡扇发动机共同工作计算模型相结合,建立了低函道比加力涡扇发动机风扇和压气机变几何调节扩稳的模拟方法及相应的计算模拟程序,并对发动机变几何的调节方案进行了初步的优化分析,结果表明合理的发动机变几何调节可使发动机性能和稳定裕度获得最佳匹配。      

脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)引射增推装置试验

PDE设计了两种结构的排气引射增推装置,通过对两种结构排气引射增推装置的试验对比,研究了排气引射增推装置对PDE推力贡献,试验结果表明在合理的结构设计下,采用排气引射增推装置可使PDE平均推力增加50%左右。理论分析了排气引射增推装置的工作机理,及不同结构参数对PDE排气引射增推装置的影响,为PDE排气引射增推装置优化设计提供了理论和试验依据。      

连续变速颤振试验信号处理的递推时频分析方法

针对连续变速颤振试验信号的非平稳特点及在线分析需求,提出了一种递推时频分析方法。该方法利用自适应算法跟踪一个时变系统,从而获得具有时变系数的参数化数学模型,进而可得到信号的时变参数谱。数值仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性与优越性,低速风洞气弹模型的连续变速颤振试验验证了该方法的工程应用前景。     

多电飞机容错作动系统拓扑结构分析

针对多电飞机电力作动系统,提出永磁容错电机及其容错驱动控制的拓扑结构,探讨系统的电气故障模式,研究防止故障传播的电、磁、热隔离设计,在理论上给出了容错电机相数的选取方法,采用独立的同轴电机组件实现高冗余系统。研究结果表明:电机、功率变换器和供电通道均采用以相为基本单位的模块化拓扑结构可实现多电飞机对作动系统的高容错要求。     

地面效应对火箭橇发动机尾喷管流场特性的影响研究

摘要：基于火箭撬地面试验的需要，设计了大载荷高加速的短轨火箭橇动力系统，并对地面效应对火箭发动机尾喷管流场的影响进行了理论和试验研究。文中采用FLUENT计算软件对不同条件下的火箭发动机尾喷管外流场进行了三维数值仿真，分析了单枚火箭以及双枚火箭工作时，地面效应对发动机尾喷管流场特性的影响。针对本文研究的大载荷高加速的短轨火箭撬动力系统，地面效应的影响和双尾喷管之间的相互作用都是在1.5ms时开始显现，在2ms~3ms时比较明显，在5ms~20ms开始减小，最后形成稳定的尾部流场。对于喷管出口直径275mm、轴线距离地面不小于472mm和双喷管轴线距离不小于680mm的火箭橇动力系统，在火箭橇运动起来20ms之后，地面效应影响和双火箭发动机之间相互作用变得非常小。     

Design of Electrical/Mechanical Hybrid 4-Redundancy Brushless DC Torque Motor

This article presents a novel electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy brushless DC torque motor (BLDCM), which has found applications in direct drive actuators (DDA) of aerial vehicles. This motor is characteristic of electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy by securing two stators along with two rotors on the same shaft. Each stator contains two sets of windings embedded in separated slots. Furthermore, compared to the scheme of two electrical dual-redundancy BLDCMs linked by a mechanical transmission, the proposed motor has lower volume and lighter weight, eliminates the nonlinearity caused by the gap of the mechanical transmission, moderates the requirement for the torque balance between redundancies and reduces the cogging torque by shifting the magnets. Both magnetic circuit calculation and the finite element analysis (FEA) of the electromagnetic field are conducted to optimize the design process. A prototype motor has been produced and tested. The results indicate that its performances comply with the requirements presented by designers. Moreover, the position frequency response of the prototype in the DDA's unloaded situation has also demonstrated the fulfillment of desired dynamic characteristics.     

Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps

Gurney Flaps (GFs) are used for improving the performance of variable speed tail rotors. A validated analytical helicopter model able to predict the main and tail rotor power is utilized. The fixed height GF has substantially small influence on the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed forward flight, and can obtain significant power reduction in high speed flight. This ability can be enhanced by decreasing the tail rotor speed. With the deployment of GF, the collective pitch of the tail rotor decreases, and the maximum tail rotor thrust increases. The GF can compensate the reduction of the maximum thrust by the decrease in the tail rotor speed. The GF with a height of 5% of the chord length can almost remedy 50% of the thrust reduction introduced by decreasing 10% of the tail rotor speed. With the increase of GF height, the maximum thrust generated by the tail rotor increases. The GF with larger height can cause the increase in the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed flight. The retractable GF can obtain more power savings than the fixed height GF. However, the benefit is substantially small even in high speed flight. Considering the side effects introduced by the active GF, the fixed height GF may be more preferable. The mechanism for the retractable GF to generate more tail rotor thrust is to increase the lift in advancing side due to the higher dynamic pressure.     

基于DSP的无刷直流电动机控制系统设计

介绍了无刷直流电动机的控制原理,给出了系统设计的整体方案,并详述了硬件电路和软件程序设计。系统的测试结果表明,基于DSP的无刷直流电动机控制系统,可以实现对电动机的全数字化双闭环控制。     

基于被动二次流的射流偏转比例控制

射流偏转比例控制一直是流体式推力矢量(FTV)技术所追求的目标之一。本文研制了一种二元流体式推力矢量喷管,采用能量消耗极小的被动二次流与Conada壁面相结合的方式对低速主射流进行矢量偏转控制,通过改变喷管控制缝入口面积实现了主射流偏转的连续比例控制。对低速主射流两侧控制缝压力和射流偏转角进行测量,获得了主射流偏转角随两侧控制缝压力差系数变化的控制规律曲线。结果表明:低速主射流最大偏转角达到19°,在偏转范围内控制曲线分为敏感区和迟钝区。敏感区的控制曲线近似线性,斜率较大,范围约为±15°;而迟钝区的控制曲线斜率较小,在两侧15°~19°的范围内。该结果证实了主射流两侧的压力差是造成其偏转的直接原因。     

航空变频电源下笼型感应电机矩形转子槽结构优化分析

当前大功率的航空发电机开始采用360~800Hz的变频输出方式,在航空变频电源的直接供电下,感应电机的性能受到频率变化最大的影响是在高频时起动转矩太低。针对笼型感应电机,采用解析计算的方法对矩形转子槽尺寸进行优化,在不改变稳态性能的条件下获得最大起动转矩。深槽尺寸的变化将影响集肤效应系数和槽漏感2个方面,二者对起动转矩的作用相反。通过综合2个方面的因素,建立起包含槽型尺寸和频率的动态转子参数模型,并采用该动态转子参数对传统的转矩公式进行调整,进而获得关于转子槽尺寸的起动力矩解析式,同时基于该解析式实现对起动力矩的优化。采用该解析方法对7.5kW感应电机进行深槽转子优化,并对航空变频电源驱动时的起动特性进行了仿真和样机实验,验证了该方法在矩形转子槽优化设计中的有效性。