苏豫两省城镇居民收入水平及决定因素

从宏观层面对江苏和河南两省城镇居民收入水平的现状进行了比较，并从微观层面对两省城镇居民收入决定因素进行了探究。分析表明，改革开放以来，虽然两省城镇居民收入水平都有大幅增长，但两省城镇居民可支配收入差距呈渐进扩大趋势，江苏城镇居民收入水平大约为河南的1．3-1．4倍，进入21世纪以来，这种收入差距似有缩小态势。基于微观层面的原因探究发现，体现人力资本的教育水平及工作经历，都显著地影响着两省的居民收入水平。而其他一些因素诸如性别、就业单位性质、职业类型等也都不同程度地对居民收入产生影响。     

Is Memory for Routes Enhanced by an Environment's Richness in Visual Landmarks?

We tested the hypothesis that a route's memorability is dependent on the frequency with which people are exposed to visual landmarks. Undergraduates learned either a route through an urban area lacking visually salient features, or a route in a neighborhood with many shops and urban objects. They were then asked to recall the learned route in the form of route directions and sketch maps. The results showed higher recall performance for the richer environment. When presented with photographs depicting scenes along the route, participants exposed to the richer environment had higher recognition scores and shorter response times than the others. The data confirm the functional role of landmarks in route memory and wayfinding.     

京津冀城市群人文精神的地位分析

城市群发展是目前新型的城市化发展道路,它的形成是自然和社会因素长期共同作用的成果,会带来更多积极的经济和社会效益。京津冀城市群的总体构想起步较早,但与其他地区的城市群发展状况相比,仍存在着诸多滞后和阻碍的问题。笔者认为,从人文精神上提炼和总结京津冀三地的共同点和相似点,是三地城市群集合发展的情感基础,相对于单纯的经济规划,有着不可替代的独特作用。     

辽中南城市群产业状况调查及结构优化研究

产业结构作为以往经济增长的结果和未来经济增长的基础，已经成为经济发展的基本要素。以辽中南城市群作为研究对象，调查其产业结构现状，探讨影响和决定产业之间比例关系的因素。分析产业结构的变动趋势，提出优化该地区产业结构的方案。优化辽中南地区的产业结构，主要从深化产业分工，提升产业功能入手，以期形成既具有强大的综合竞争力，又具备活力，符合产业结构发展趋势，符合辽中南地区要素禀赋的辽中南产业群。     

我国城镇职工收入分配差距的现状研究——基于泰尔指数的视角

党的“十八大”提出“到2020年要实现城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番”,为了实现这个目标,进一步深化收入分配改革就成为关键手段,而收入分配的重点领域就是城镇职工的收入分配。文章采用泰尔指数作为比较城镇职工收入分配差异性现状的指标,分析发现：总体上看,不管是在企业内部,还是在企业之间,在不同性质企业就业的城镇职工收入分配差距在逐步缩小,但是在不同性质企业就业的职工收入分配缩小比例并不一致,部分企业甚至有扩大收入分配差距的趋势。因此,在深化收入分配改革时,要综合考虑不同性质企业城镇职工收入分配的现状,在坚持既有的收入分配改革政策之外,还应当采取一些措施向某类企业倾斜。     

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling: A tale of three cities

COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on our society, environment and public health, in both positive and negative ways. The main aim of this study is to monitor the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on urban cooling. To do so, satellite images of Landsat 8 for Milan and Rome in Italy, and Wuhan in China were used to look at pre-lockdown and during the lockdown. First, the surface biophysical characteristics for the pre-lockdown and within-lockdown dates of COVID-19 were calculated. Then, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat thermal data was normalized based on cold pixels LST and statistical parameters of normalized LST (NLST) were calculated. Thereafter, the correlation coefficient (r) between the NLST and index-based built-up index (IBI) was estimated. Finally, the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) of different cities on the lockdown and pre-lockdown periods was compared with each other. The mean NLST of built-up lands in Milan (from 7.71 °C to 2.32 °C), Rome (from 5.05 °C to 3.54 °C) and Wuhan (from 3.57 °C to 1.77 °C) decreased during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates. The r (absolute value) between NLST and IBI for Milan, Rome and Wuhan decreased from 0.43, 0.41 and 0.16 in the pre-lockdown dates to 0.25, 0.24, and 0.12 during lockdown dates respectively, which shows a large decrease for all cities. Analysis of SUHI for these cities showed that SUHII during the lockdown dates compared to pre-lockdown dates decreased by 0.89 °C, 1.78 °C, and 1.07 °C respectively. The results indicated a high and substantial impact of anthropogenic activities and anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) on the SUHI due to the substantial reduction of huge anthropogenic pressure in cities. Our conclusions draw attention to the contribution of COVID-19 lockdowns (reducing the anthropogenic activities) to creating cooler cities.