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821.
Jean-Luc Widlowski Thomas Lavergne Bernard Pinty Nadine Gobron Michel M. Verstraete 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(11):1724-1732
The divergence of horizontal radiation in vegetation canopies is generally considered to be of negligible consequence in algorithms designed for the physically-based interpretation of space borne observations. However, non-zero horizontal radiation balances are likely to occur if the internal variability of a vegetation target and the typical distances that photons may travel horizontally within such three-dimensional (3-D) media extend to spatial scales that are similar to or larger than those of the nominal footprint of the measuring sensor. Detailed radiative transfer simulations in 3-D coniferous forest environments are presented to document the typical distances that photons may travel in such media, and to quantify the impact that the resulting net horizontal fluxes may have with respect to the local and domain-averaged canopy reflectance. Based on these simulations it is possible to identify a fine spatial resolution limit beyond which pixel-based interpretations of remote sensing data over tall forested areas should be avoided because the horizontal radiation transport at the surface may contribute to 10% or more of the measured reflectance signature of the target pixel. 相似文献
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824.
塞锥后体气膜冷却对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用数值模拟方法,在主流质量流量为130 kg/s、总温为920 K和冷却空气总温为480 K的参数条件下,对比分析了塞锥后体气膜孔排布方式、气膜孔倾角(15°~30°)和气膜冷却空气用量(3%主流质量流量以内)对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:塞锥后体的气膜冷却对喷管推力系数的影响十分微弱;对塞锥后体提供1%主流质量流量的冷却空气,喷管红外辐射强度相对无冷却喷管降低50%左右;当冷却空气用量增大至3%时,喷管红外辐射强度下降约60%,总压恢复系数降低较为显著;在相同的冷却空气用量下,小孔排间距的多孔排布方式与大孔排间距相比,具有近乎相同的红外辐射抑制效果和低的总压恢复系数下降幅度;气膜孔倾角从30°减小至15°,对塞锥后体表面温度的降低以及喷管总压恢复系数的改善效果微弱。 相似文献
825.
针对一体化红外抑制器后机身顶部狭缝进气口布局的精细化设计需求,提出了改变进气狭缝位置以及面积的4个方案,基于旋翼下洗气流和尾桨气流的简化模型进行了后机身内外流耦合流动传热数值研究,并运用正反射线追踪法计算得到了后机身3~5 μm波段和8~14 μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布,通过对比分析了狭缝进气口布局对一体化红外抑制器后机身气流组织和红外辐射特性的影响。结果表明:旋翼下洗气流对于机身两侧排出的热喷流掺混作用有所差异,存在尾桨气流时排气热喷流对喷口附近机身壁面的局部加热效应更显著;后机身顶部进气位置影响旋翼下洗气流的进气流量以及机身内部气流流动,进气口布置在后机身顶部外侧不利于旋翼下洗气流的导入,而进气口布置在后机身顶部内侧则导致旋翼下洗气流在混合管与机身壁面之间的局部流动较弱,使得该区域的气流温度较高;进气口面积增大虽有利于减小表面局部热点区域,却导致后机身上方的红外辐射强度有较大的增强。因此,进气口的位置和面积是重要的设计参数,合理的后机身内部气流组织可以提供有效的混合管冷却和后机身壁面热防护,改善3~5 μm波段和8~14 μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布。 相似文献
826.
P. Thirupathaiah Vir Singh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
A comprehensive model is developed using the updated rate coefficients and transition probabilities to study the redline dayglow emission of atomic oxygen. The solar EUV fluxes are obtained from the Solar Irradiance Platform (SIP), and incorporated into the model successfully. All possible production and loss mechanisms of O(1D) are considered in the model. The neutral number densities and temperature are adopted from the NRLMSISE-00 model. The ion and electron densities, and electron temperature are adopted from the IRI-07 model. The model results are validated with the help of measurements as provided by the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) on board Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). The present results are found in better agreement with the measurements in comparison with the earlier model. The measured volume emission rate profiles are reproduced quite well by the present model. The model results show that the updated rate coefficients and transition probabilities are quite consistent and may be used in the aeronomical studies. 相似文献
827.
Qiumin Dai Xiande Fang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Atmospheric radiation is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. A high-performance model is needed to evaluate the atmospheric radiation. Based on the atmospheric radiation database containing 24,862 data points compiled from 7 stations with the elevation from sea level to 2373 m and the reference code MODTRAN, a new atmospheric radiation model is proposed using regression and optimization software. It has excellent prediction accuracy with the coefficient of determination of 0.94, the root mean square error of 15.1 W/m2, and the mean absolute percentage error of 4.13% for the database. Comparison with the well-known existing model shows that the new model has the highest prediction accuracy. The new model predictions agree with the MODTRAN calculations at various altitudes very well, and thus it can be used for estimating the thermal performances of a high altitude aerostat. 相似文献
828.
L.D. Trichtchenko L.V. Nikitina A.P. Trishchenko L. Garand 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The ionizing radiation environment was analyzed for a variety of potential Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEOs) with orbital periods ranging from 6 h to 24 h suitable to continuously monitor the Arctic region. Several models available from the ESA Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) online tool were employed, including the new-generation AE9/AP9 model for trapped radiation. Results showed that the Total Ionizing Dose (TID) has a well-pronounced local minimum for the 14-h orbit, which is nearly identical to the overall minimum observed for the longest orbital period (24 h). The thickness of slab aluminum shielding required to keep the annual TID below 10, 5 and 3.33 krad (i.e. 150, 75 and 50 krad for 15 years of mission duration) for a 14-h orbit is 2.1, 2.7 and 3.1 mm respectively. The 16-h orbit requires an additional 0.5 mm of aluminum to achieve the same results, while the 24-h orbit requires less shielding in the order of 0.2–0.3 mm. Comparison between the AE8/AP8 and AE9/AP9 models was conducted for all selected orbits. Results demonstrated that differences ranged from −70% to +170% depending on orbit geometry. 相似文献
829.
针对几何形状比较复杂的航天器光压建模时存在的不同光照特性的材料相互遮挡重叠、传统的简化或经验公式难以满足精度要求的困难,基于精确三维几何模型,利用虚拟视觉原理得到航天器垂直于太阳矢量截面形状,并结合截面各类材料光压系数等特性计算总的等效光压面积和系数。针对该方法计算量较大问题,提出一种根据设定姿态模式事先计算结合实时插值的快速简化算法。考虑到材料特性在空间环境中可能发生的变化,可将其调整为半经验公式,通过观测数据对材料光压系数进行最优估计并应用。仿真实例表明,提出的分析方法可有效反映航天器各部分的相互遮挡,与传统模型相比有一定优势。 相似文献
830.