Simulations of MATROSHKA experiment outside the ISS using PHITS

The radiation environment at the altitude of the International Space Station (ISS) is substantially different than anything typically encountered on Earth in both the character of the radiation field and the significantly higher dose rates. Concerns about the biological effects on humans of this highly complex natural radiation field are increasing due to higher amount of astronauts performing long-duration missions onboard the ISS and especially if looking into planned future manned missions to Mars. In order to begin the process of predicting the dose levels seen by the organs of an astronaut, being the prerequisite for radiation risk calculations, it is necessary to understand the character of the radiation environment both in- and outside of the ISS as well as the relevant contributions from the radiation field to the organ doses.     

Analysis of the space radiation doses obtained simultaneously at two different locations outside the ISS

Space weather and related ionizing radiation has been recognized as one of the main health concerns for the International Space Station (ISS) crew. The estimation of the radiation effect on humans outside the ISS requires at first order accurate knowledge of their accumulated absorbed dose rates, which depend on the global space radiation distribution, solar cycle and local variations generated by the 3D mass distribution surrounding the ISS. The R3DE (Radiation Risks Radiometer-Dosimeter for the EXPOSE-E platform) on the European Technological Exposure Facility (EuTEF) worked successfully outside of the European Columbus module between February 2008 and September 2009. A very similar instrument named R3DR for the EXPOSE-R platform worked outside the Russian Zvezda module of the ISS between March 2009 and August 2010. Both are Liulin-type detectors, Bulgarian-built miniature spectrometer-dosimeters. The acquired approximately 5 million deposited energy spectra from which the flux and absorbed dose rate were calculated with 10 s resolution behind less than 0.41 g cm⁻² shielding. This paper analyses the spectra collected in 2009 by the R3DE/R instruments and the long-term variations in the different radiation environments of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), inner radiation belt trapped protons in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and relativistic electrons from the Outer Radiation Belt (ORB). The R3DE instrument, heavily shielded by the surrounding structures, measured smaller primary fluxes and dose rates from energetic protons from the SAA and relativistic electrons from the ORB but higher values from GCRs because of the contribution from secondary particles. The main conclusion from this investigation is that the dose rates from different radiation sources around the International Space Station (ISS) have a large special and temporal dynamic range. The collected data can be interpreted as possible doses obtained by the cosmonauts and astronauts during Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA) because the R3DE/R instruments shielding is very similar to the Russian and American space suits average shielding (,  and ). Fast, active measurements are required to assess accurately the dose accumulated by astronauts during EVA.     

导航卫星高精度太阳光压摄动分析建模及验证

为提高导航卫星精密定轨与轨道预报精度,提出了一种导航卫星太阳光压摄动的分析建模方法.相较于其他摄动因素模型完善且精度较高,光压摄动由于太阳活动导致太阳能量误差、卫星姿态控制误差和表面材料老化等问题,是最难以精确建模的摄动源,也是动力学模型最大的误差源.基于此,提出了一种基于卫星的姿态控制规律,通过分析法建立卫星太阳光压摄动模型,给出了光压摄动加速度在星体坐标系中的模型,并以GPSBlock IIR为例进行了验证.计算结果表明,该仿真分析法所建立的摄动模型与T30模型、ECOM模型精度接近,达到了光压建模研究的初步计算要求.     

高稳晶振在空间辐照条件下的频率特性变化

在空间恶劣环境下要求星载高稳晶振正常有效地工作,需要对其在空间辐照环境下的频率特性变化进行研究,利用地面辐照设备模拟空间辐照环境,通过不断增加辐照剂量,研究晶振相位噪声、短期频率稳定度、谐杂波以及输出功率等特性。     

激发跃迁速率对热力学非平衡氮气紫外辐射的影响

基于氮气的碰撞-辐射（CR）模型,计算了速度为6.2 km/s、初始压力为133 Pa的高超声速流动激波中N₂和N₂+分子电子能级的分布情况,分析了不同激发跃迁速率模型对电子能级分布及辐射光谱模拟的影响。针对流动中热力学非平衡区域和平衡区域,在300~440 nm的辐射光谱开展了逐线法的数值模拟,并与激波管实验测量光谱进行了对比。结果表明,目前的激发跃迁速率均存在偏差,综合Park模型的爱因斯坦系数和Johnston模型的碰撞激发速率可以得到与实验结果最为接近的辐射光谱。      

红外抑制器两种缩比模型的对比实验

介绍了红外抑制器两种缩比模型的对比实验。大小两种模型几何相似比为２，燃气流量比为４，在模拟真实涡轮轴发动机排气条件下，证明其降温能力和红外抑制效果是相同的。文中对红外抑制器对比试验控制参数，混合管壁面温度及红外辐射强度都列表进行比较，从而说明这种红外抑制器模型，如果放大尺寸比例应用于涡轮辆发动机上，也会收到同样的效果。     

强驻波声场对微小颗粒群作用的实验研究

用实验手段研究了以空气为介质的强驻波声场 (声压级大于 1 5 0dB)对其中微小颗粒群 (颗粒直径小于 30 μm)的作用。实验中观察到了颗粒有规律地向波节点运动的现象 ,并发现聚集颗粒群中含有周期性长大、破裂而喷发的气泡。这些现象与声流及声辐射压力有关。对这些现象的观察和分析有助于加深对高声强下一些基本效应的认识     

热喷流红外辐射特性的测试实验研究

以模型实验方法对热喷流的红外辐射特性进行了测试实验研究．着重介绍了以通用红外仪器组成的红外探测系统，对热喷流的红外辐射进行实验的测试方法和实测结果。得出了热喷流的红外辐射能的空间分布，热喷流的红外辐射光谱，热喷流辐射能按波段分布比例以及二元喷管与圆喷管的热喷流辐射特征比较等一系列测试结果。测试实验结果表明，测试系统和测试方法是有效的，由实测数据进行综合分析，得出了有意义的结果，并与理论分析相吻合。本文为热喷流的红外辐射特性测试，提供了一种可供借鉴的探测系统和测试技术。     

热化学非平衡流场辐射特性数值计算

设计了耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流场计算方法,以适用于任意形状的网格。采用Jameson有限体积法求解耦合辐射源项的三维N-S方程。化学模型包含11个组元,20个化学反应。辐射源项通过直接求解辐射输运方程RTE获得。在空间和方向上分别离散后,利用有限体积法求解不同方向上的辐射输运方程,精确计算了波长为100-1500nm所有主要组元的吸收系数,逐条计算了目前已观测到的空气组元的原子谱线,而对分子的带状谱采用了带模型计算,并最终得到了驻点处辐射密度随波长变化的分布情况。