一种双S形二元排气系统红外特性的模型实验

通过模型实验测量了一种双S形二元(2-D)喷管排气系统壁面压力和温度分布,以及分别在侧向、下方和上方探测面上的红外辐射强度分布,并与基准轴对称排气系统作了对比分析。实验结果表明:双S形二元喷管排气系统在上方探测面上,红外辐射强度比较大,最大值出现在10°探测角;相比基准轴对称排气系统,双S形二元排气喷管系统红外辐射强度在0°探测角方位平均降低了75.5%,在侧向、下方及上方探测面上90°探测角方位分别降低了57.6%、50.9%和17.3%。      

抑制星上穿舱电缆电磁泄漏的包覆工艺技术

对于某些装配有高灵敏度设备的卫星,其舱内设备的非期望辐射发射通过穿舱电缆、过孔等耦合到舱外,被高灵敏度设备在卫星舱外的天线接收,可能干扰高灵敏度设备对正常信号的接收。文章提出了抑制卫星穿舱电缆电磁泄漏的包覆及过孔封堵的方案,同时进行了包覆方法研究和效果分析,验证了该方案可以减小穿舱电缆和穿舱孔的电磁辐射泄漏对接收系统的影响,使卫星的电磁兼容性得到改善。     

激波管高温空气绝对辐射功率实验测量

利用激波管加热技术,得到1000K～3000K温度范围内的高温空气,利用宽波段能量计、光电探测器以及滤波片等设备,测量出高温空气在0.3μm～9μm宽波段范围内绝对辐射功率,以及中心波长在4.26μm、5.23μm、8.32μm处、单位波长的绝对辐射功率;实验结果表明,在1000K～2000K温度范围内,高温空气宽波段的辐射功率约为60 W/cm~3·MP,且辐射主要集中在21μm～8μm波段范围内;当温度高于2000K以上,辐射功率随着温度的升高增大较快,且辐射向紫外、可见方向移动;在3000K时,高温空气在0.3μm～9μm宽波段范围内的辐射功率约为150W/(cm~3·MP).     

模型表面温度对光电特性影响的实验研究

对在JF-10氢氧爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展烧蚀材料模型表面温度对光电特性影响的实验方法进行了探索。风洞实验状态的驻室总压约为20MPa,驻室总温约为6000K,自由流速度约为4km／s。实验以锑化铟多单元红外成像系统与电离列阵测试装置为测量手段,用以烧蚀材料为头部的球头钝锥体模型,实验测量激波层中红外辐射的横向剖面分布和壁面附近电离密度的剖面分布,并在烧蚀材料加热和不加热两种情况下进行了对比实验。实验结果表明：烧蚀材料的加热加强了模型头部激波层中的红外辐射,同时也增大了模型表面的电子密度。     

金属蜂窝夹芯面板有效导热系数的数值计算

对具有漫灰体内壁的金属蜂窝夹芯面板,忽略蜂窝内腔的空气导热,综合考虑蜂窝结构的热传导和热辐射等热传递过程,利用有限元方法求解了周期性分布的蜂窝单胞稳态热传导控制方程,蜂窝内壁的边界条件是由净热量法得到的热辐射换热积分方程,由胞元的温度场分布数据及Fourier定律得到了蜂窝结构的有效导热系数。与现有文献相比,采用了较少近似的模型及较高精度的离散方法,计算结果表明计算模型及方法是可靠有效的。     

超光谱成像仪的实验室定标

星载超光谱成像仪是一种空间调制型干涉光谱成像仪,文章研究了一套适用于干涉成像光谱仪、具有一定精度的实验室定标方法,满足了超光谱成像仪的实验室定标要求。采用激光光源进行光谱定标,光谱定标精度优于2nm。用远距点光源光路进行CCD探测器像元响应不均匀性修正,并进一步用天空背景光或均匀平行光进行全系统光能传输不均匀修正,实现了干涉图平场,相对定标精度达到2.46%。采用太阳模拟光源和均匀平行光路,用光谱辐射度计（ASD）实现标准辐射亮度的传递进行光谱辐射度定标,绝对定标精度达到8.21%。     

辐射固化树脂体系合成原理研究

针对辐射固化复合材料树脂体系的原理,从引入具有辐敏性单体或基团入手,合成了活性稀释剂含硅丙烯酸酯和活性单体,如单官能、双官能的马来酰亚胺单体和芳香族酰亚胺单体,并对它们的结构进行了红外表征.实验结果表明,合成所得的树脂基体均可以实现辐射交联,且固化产物性能较优.      

环氧树脂电子束固化微观结构及其影响因素

采用扫描电镜对不同固化时间下电子束固化环氧树脂的微观结构进行观察和分析,探讨其形成过程,并研究了树脂分子结构、相对分子质量、树脂体系组分及辐射条件对微观结构的影响. 实验结果表明,环氧树脂经电子束固化后形成片层结构,树脂分子结构和分子量对其固化微结构的影响不大;不同结构、分子量的环氧树脂电子束固化过程中均会经历预聚体结构—圆片网络—圆片形成—圆片增长的生长过程,故其微观结构都呈现圆片状形貌;随着辐射剂量的增加,圆片逐渐增大;存在最佳引发剂用量,使圆片尺寸达到最小.      

Electrostatic space radiation shielding

For the success of NASA’s new vision for space exploration to Moon, Mars and beyond, exposures from the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is ‘a must solve’ problem. The payload penalty demands a very stringent requirement on the design of the spacecrafts for human deep space missions. The exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable routine access of space will require protection from the hazards of the accumulated exposures of space radiation, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE), and minimizing the production of secondary radiation is a great advantage. There is a need to look to new horizons for newer technologies. The present investigation revisits electrostatic active radiation shielding and explores the feasibility of using the electrostatic shielding in concert with the state-of-the-art materials shielding and protection technologies. The full space radiation environment has been used, for the first time, to explore the feasibility of electrostatic shielding. The goal is to repel enough positive charge ions so that they miss the spacecraft without attracting thermal electrons. Conclusions are drawn for the future directions of space radiation protection.     

Expression of p53-regulated genes in human cultured lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 cell lines after spaceflight in a frozen state

The 53 kDa tumor suppressor protein p53 is generally thought to contribute to the genetic stability of cells and to protect cells from DNA damage through the activity of p53-centered signal transduction pathways. To clarify the effect of space radiation on the expression of p53-dependent regulated genes, gene expression profiles were compared between two human cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines: one line (TSCE5) has a wild-type p53 gene status, and the other line (WTK1) has a mutated p53 gene status. Frozen human lymphoblastoid cells were stored in a freezer in the International Space Station (ISS) for 133 days. Gene expression was analyzed using DNA chips after culturing the space samples for 6 h on the ground after their return from space. Ground control samples were also cultured for 6 h after being stored in a frozen state on the ground for the same time period that the frozen cells were in space. p53-Dependent gene expression was calculated from the ratio of the gene expression values in wild-type p53 cells and in mutated p53 cells. The expression of 50 p53-dependent genes was up-regulated, and the expression of 94 p53-dependent genes was down-regulated after spaceflight. These expression data identified genes which could be useful in advancing studies in basic space radiation biology. The biological meaning of these results is discussed from the aspect of gene functions in the up- and down-regulated genes after exposure to low doses of space radiation.