基于电阻阵列的红外场景生成技术

针对红外成像制导半实物仿真试验的需求,研究了红外场景生成技术。主要通过对场景的建模、目标及场景的红外特性分析,开展了基于可见光图像调制生成红外图像技术的研究。同时对飞机、地面背景及红外诱饵干扰的建模技术进行了探讨,完善了红外场景的生成方法。利用该红外场景生成技术为基于电阻阵列的红外图像转换器提供输入信息,驱动电阻阵列产生红外辐射,经热像仪观测,生成的图像细腻、真实度高,为制导半实物仿真试验提供了更为逼真的红外仿真环境。     

Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.     

γ源辐射角度对光子高度计性能的影响分析

为了研究分析月球环境下γ光子高度计源辐射角度对其性能的影响,文章建立了月球着陆器简化模型,利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的粒子输运程序（MCNP）软件仿真计算了接收处理器捕获的光子计数随γ源辐射角度的变化规律。仿真结果表明：辐射角度小于一定值时,光子计数随着辐射角度的增大近似呈线性增长;当γ源辐射角度增大到一定值时,光子计数基本不再有变化。文章的分析方法和结果可以为合理确定γ光子高度计源辐射角度提供设计参考。     

TDC-GP1器件单粒子锁定效应的脉冲激光模拟试验研究

文章介绍了单粒子锁定效应脉冲激光模拟试验的工作原理。以时间测量芯片TDC-GP1为试验对象,利用单粒子锁定模拟试验设备开展了无限流保护电阻和有限流保护电阻的单粒子锁定效应脉冲激光模拟试验研究。结果发现:TCD-GP1芯片在20 nJ脉冲激光辐照下发生了单粒子锁定现象。在对照试验中发现,有限流保护电阻的情况下,在发生锁定时不仅能降低锁定大电流和供电电压,而且还能有效地避免器件的功能损伤。     

基于数据网格化方法的低轨辐射带建模技术

地球辐射带中的高能带电粒子是引起航天器材料和器件性能退化甚至失效的主要空间环境因素.因此,航天器设计中所采用的辐射带模型的准确程度对于航天器的生存能力和航天任务的完成质量至关重要.在利用我国自主辐射带高能粒子探测数据进行的辐射带建模中,探测数据的空间网格化是一项非常重要的工作.介绍了我国辐射带探测数据的情况,以及辐射带建模的方法和步骤;重点研究了不同插值方法在低地球轨道(LEO)空间辐射带建模数据网格化中的应用,并开展了误差分析.研究结果表明:在各种常用的插值方法中,反距离加权法、自然邻点法和最近邻点法适合工程化应用.其中,反距离加权法生成的数据网格对粒子通量的反演结果精度最高,该方法采用低阶距离时得到的反演结果更为合理.      

On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.     

Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM)

We present the analysis of data taken by the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM). It is centred on a Timepix detector (300?$\mathrm{\mu }$m thick silicon sensor, pixel pitch 55?$\mathrm{\mu }$m, 256?×?256 pixels). It was flown on Proba-V, an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) from an altitude of 820?km on a sun-synchronous orbit, launched on May 7, 2013. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the detector response to electrons (0.5–7?MeV) and protons (10–400?MeV) in an omnidirectional field taking into account the shielding of the detector housing and the satellite. With the help of the simulation, a strategy was developed to separate electrons, protons and ions in the data. The measured dose rate and stopping power distribution are presented as well as SATRAM’s capability to measure some of the stronger events in Earth’s magnetosphere. The stopping power, the cluster height and the shape of the particle tracks in the sensor were used to separate electrons, protons and ions. The results are presented as well. Finally, the pitch angles for a short period of time were extracted from the data and corrected with the angular response determined by the simulation.     

低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制

空间站微生物严重滋生现象表明：在低剂量电离辐射（Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation,LDIR）环境下,微生物群落物种多样性水平大大增加,其机制目前尚不清楚。在前期调查和具体实验观测的基础上,本研究首次提出LDIR能够使微生物群落中的物种产生不同程度的生长延迟效应,从而减小了物种之间的竞争排斥,诱导并维持了微生物群落的物种多样性。本研究基于经典的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型,将生长延迟时间环节引入其中,得到LDIR下微生物群落的演替模型,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行大规模的计算机仿真实验,获得LDIR下微生物多样性产生和维持的动力学机制,得到结果可为认识低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落的演替过程提供科学的理论依据。     

深空辐射条件下EDFA波分复用性能研究

随着对空间试验卫星光通信系统数据容量需求的逐年增加,空间波分复用技术将成为拓展通信容量的有效手段,需要研究掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier,EDFA)波分复用特性在深空辐射条件下的性能变化情况。研究了深空辐射及温度场对EDFA的性能影响、非均匀特性,建立了深空辐射条件下EDFA的波分复用(Wavelength Division Multiplexing,WDM)技术信号之间的增益影响模型,给出了增益的非均匀变化影响的评估方法。并分别采用电子和中子作为辐射源,进行了地面模拟深空辐射环境的辐射电离效应和辐射位移效应实验,实验结果进一步验证了该模型正确性。利用该模型,可获得深空辐射环境中,不同辐射类型、不同温度下,EDFA在WDM应用时各波长增益的非均匀特性,可为深空光通信中EDFA的WDM应用提供参考。     

太阳帆航天器编队维持和重构的方法研究

针对高面质比航天器可以利用太阳光压进行轨道控制的特点,本文提出一种太阳帆航天器编队构型维持和重构的方法.该方法通过控制主从航天器太阳帆姿态角和反射系数,调整主从航天器之间的光压差,产生抵消编队成员间相对运动受到摄动差或进行轨道机动时所需的连续小推力,从而实现编队构型的维持和重构.仿真结果表明,在主航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数相对固定的条件下,对于太阳同步轨道上的高面质比太阳帆航天器编队,使用滑模控制方法,能够调整编队中从航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数产生推力抵消摄动力影响,达到长期维持太阳帆航天器编队构型的目的;通过开环控制方法,能够调整编队中从航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数产生连续小推力,在较长时间周期内实现编队重构.