高速飞行弹箭目标表面动态热辐射

针对红外系统实时跟踪捕获高速飞行弹箭目标的关键问题,提出了一种用于求解其全弹道动态红外辐射（IR）特性的方法.以典型155mm口径无控弹箭为研究对象,基于Simulink建立了模块化的6自由度(DOF)刚体弹道仿真模型,数值计算并分析了弹道诸元的变化规律.应用热网络法建立了弹体表面耦合换热动态热辐射场的物理模型,推导了弹箭高速旋转飞行的气动加热计算模型,并利用蒙特卡洛(M-C)法考虑了环境热辐射的影响.运用Runge-Kutta法耦合求解节点热平衡方程组,得到了动态气动表面传热系数、温度场以及红外辐射场的分布规律,对比分析了目标在整个飞行过程、不同部位、不同波段内的红外辐射特征.结果表明:目标发射后,其表面温度迅速升高,越靠近弹头部,温度升高速率越快,峰值温度越高;在飞行前20s内,其红外辐射特征明显;随着飞行速度衰减,热量散失较快,辐射强度较弱,且主要集中于8～14μm波段.      

球面收敛二元矢量喷管气动及红外特性研究:模拟高空状态

针对高空状态下球面收敛二元矢量喷管排气系统,通过数值模拟研究了喷管俯仰偏转角对排气系统气动和红外辐射特性的影响,并与地面状态进行了对比分析.在该研究参数范围内,研究结果表明:在俯仰偏转角为20°范围内,俯仰偏转对排气系统推力系数和总压恢复系数的影响微弱,气动推力矢量角与俯仰偏转角几乎相等,高空状态下,喷管的推力系数和总压恢复系数下降0.5%与1.1%;热喷流峰值红外辐射强度仅为地面状态的12%~24%,排气系统的总体红外辐射强度峰值与地面状态下的比值峰值在0.35~0.45之间;随着下俯仰偏转角的增加,排气系统红外辐射峰值呈现下降的趋势.      

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

Gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei: Emission processes and particle acceleration

It is argued that the high-energy X-ray and -ray emission from flaring blazars is beamed radiation from the relativistic jet supporting the relativistic beaming hypothesis and the unified scenario for AGNs. Most probably the high-energy emission results from inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons and positrons in the jet of radiation originating external to the jet plus pair annihilation radiation from the jet. Future positive TeV detections of EGRET AGN sources will be decisive to identify the prominent target photon radiation field. Direct -ray production by energetic hadrons is not important for the flaring phase in -ray blazars, but the acceleration of energetic hadrons during the quiescent phase of AGNs is decisive as the source of secondary electrons and positrons through photo-pair and photo-pion production. Injection of ultrahigh energy secondary electrons and positrons into a stochastic quasilinear acceleration scheme during the quiescent AGN phase leads to cooling electron-positron distribution functions with a strong cut-off at low but relativistic energy that under certain local conditions may trigger a plasma instability that gives rise to an explosive event and the flaring -ray phase.     

基于电流驱动模式的PCB共模干扰预测分析

共模辐射干扰普遍存在于电子产品中,是造成电子产品工作失灵和辐射发射测试超标的主要原因。通过高斯定理和安培环路定理求解麦克斯韦方程组,得到PCB地平面电感的数学表达式。通过对共模辐射的模式化分析,得到电流驱动模式共模辐射的数学表达式。用近似计算简化数学推导过程得到的表达式相对简单。本结果适用于小型EMC仿真软件,也可用于计算PCB地平面电感和共模辐射的电磁兼容专家系统。     

黑体辐射源的发展

黑体辐射源作为辐射测温仪器的校准装置,近几十年来随着红外测温技术的发展而取得了飞速进步。本文从黑体辐射源的发展历史、研究内容、发展方向和目前存在的问题几方面作了介绍。     

γ源辐射角度对光子高度计性能的影响分析

为了研究分析月球环境下γ光子高度计源辐射角度对其性能的影响,文章建立了月球着陆器简化模型,利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的粒子输运程序（MCNP）软件仿真计算了接收处理器捕获的光子计数随γ源辐射角度的变化规律。仿真结果表明：辐射角度小于一定值时,光子计数随着辐射角度的增大近似呈线性增长;当γ源辐射角度增大到一定值时,光子计数基本不再有变化。文章的分析方法和结果可以为合理确定γ光子高度计源辐射角度提供设计参考。     

基于精确星光大气折射观测模型的轨道摄动研究

基于星光折射间接敏感地平自主导航方法,改进了现有的大气密度模型和固定高度(25km)的观测模型,建立了自适应连续高度(20km～50km)的星光折射观测模型,并在此观测模型的基础上深入分析研究了影响导航精度的各种轨道摄动力,包括地球形状各阶摄动力、不同高度的大气阻力摄动力、太阳光辐射压力等.提出一种精简的大气模式--静止变标高球面大气,解决了由于高层大气密度的求解复杂,使大气阻力摄动模型不精确的问题,由此取得了较好的导航定位精度.利用UKF和EKF两种不同非线性算法,对考虑各种摄动力后的导航定位精度进行全面的计算机仿真实验,并就仿真结果进行了误差分析,同时研究了各种有关参数对导航精度的影响.     

Whole-process modeling of titanium disc forming for gradient distributions of temperature and deformation

Gradient distributions of temperature and deformation(GDTD) are crucial for achieving dual-performance discs of titanium alloys which is required by the service environment of aeroengine. However, heating, cooling and deforming sequence in the whole process of the titanium disc forming, which leads to difficulties for achieving GDTD due to a lot of parameters. To solve this problem, a whole-process model of the titanium disc forming for GDTD has been established. In the model, heating and coolin...     

Progress in helicopter infrared signature suppression

Due to their low-attitude and relatively low-speed fight profiles, helicopters are subjected to serious threats from radio, infrared(IR), visual, and aural detection and tracking. Among these threats, infrared detection and tracking are regarded as more crucial for the survivability of helicopters. In order to meet the requirements of infrared stealth, several different types of infrared suppressor(IRS) for helicopters have been developed. This paper reviews contemporary developments in this discipline, with particular emphasis on infrared signature suppression, advances in mixer-ejectors and prediction for helicopters. In addition, several remaining challenges, such as advanced IRS, emissivity optimization technique, helicopter infrared characterization, etc., are proposed, as an initial guide and stimulation for future research. In the future, the comprehensive infrared suppression in the 3–5 lm and 8–14 lm bands will doubtfully become the emphasis of helicopter stealth. Multidisciplinary optimization of a complete infrared suppression system deserves further investigation.