基于热管-风冷系统的新能源汽车电机热分析

针对新能源汽车电机紧凑、轻量化、高功率密度和高可靠性的要求,提出基于热管-风冷系统的新型冷却系统。设计了基于热管-风冷系统的电机结构,建立电机有限元热分析模型并验证其可行性;通过有限元模拟,研究该新型电机在额定功率和峰值功率下的温度场。结果表明:热管-风冷系统能有效地控制电机的温升。与水冷系统相比,无需水泵、节温器、水箱、管路以及其他装置,结构简单、紧凑,有利于实现新能源汽车的轻量化和高功率密度。     

汽雾两相流强化冷却燃气轮机叶片内冷通道

实验研究了方形通道这一重型燃气轮机中常用叶片强制对流冷却通道结构.分析了雷诺数、壁面热流密度以及水雾质量流量比等关键参数对汽雾冷却通道的传热特性的影响,并建立了考虑离散相水雾的流动工况和通道壁面加热条件的实验关联式.结果表明:相对于纯蒸汽,汽雾两相流的传热系数显著提高,且传热性能提高的幅度随热流密度的增大而减小,随雷诺数和水雾质量流量比的增大而增大;通道上壁面平均传热系数低于下壁面,在高热流密度和低水雾质量流量比下,两者相差约13%,而在低热流密度与高水雾质量流量比的情况下,该比值增加到约25%.      

Self-perspiration garment for extravehicular activity improves skin cooling effects without raising humidity

Introduction

The current U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) suit in space includes liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) to control thermal condition. Tubes knitted in LCVG for flowing water interrupt evaporation of perspiration, and astronauts feel discomfort. In the present study, we hypothesized that a self-perspiration garment would effectively lower the skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. Thus, we developed and examined the effects of the garment.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were studied with a cyclic ergometer of 30, 60 90 and 120 W loading for 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three types of garments i.e., a spandex wear without any cooling device (Normal), a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG) or the spandex wear knitted a vinyl tube for flowing water, and the spandex wear with a tube, which flows water and self-perspiration with oozing water for evaporative cooling (SPEC).

Results

All measurements were reached to steady state 2–3 min after the setting. The s-LCVG decreased skin temperature 0.39±0.14 °C during 12 min of cooling. With SPEC, skin temperature did not decrease significantly until 6–9 min after starting the cooling. However, the temperature decreased rapidly and significantly after that, and finally decreased 1.59±0.32 °C. Humidity in the SPEC was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.

Discussion

SPEC was effective for lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The concept is expected to use as a better cooling system during EVA.     

液态水相变发散冷却的实验

以液态水为冷却介质,采用高温合金粉末烧结多孔材料制造平板实验件,实验研究了具有液态水相变的发散冷却特性.用远红外热像系统记录实验平板热端表面温度分布,通过热电偶及压力传感器监控冷却腔内温度和压力变化,从而分析液态水的相变过程.实验表明:随着液态水注入率的增大,平均冷却效率不断提高;当液态水在暴露于高温主流的平板表面发生气液相变时,平均冷却效率趋于稳定且不再大幅上升;主流温度与液态水注入率决定了液态水的相变位置,并对冷却腔内压力变化产生影响.      

含湿气流单缝冲击冷却数值模拟

对饱和湿空气夹带液滴的含湿气流单缝冲击冷却进行了数值模拟,比较研究了含湿气流中液滴相变换热/液滴载量比和单缝射流几何参数对强化换热效果的影响,研究发现:气流中液滴的加入对冷却效果的影响十分显著,热流密度为8000W/m2的条件下,空气中注入5%的液滴会比饱和湿空气对驻点区的冷却效果提高90%,当液滴载量比从1%提高到5%,冲击驻点区局部传热系数提高了32%;而合适的缝宽和冲击高度也是影响冷却效果的重要因素,在该条件下冲击高度与缝宽的比值为4.55时冲击冷却效果最佳.      

双层壳型冲击/气膜综合流量系数实验研究

为了研究新型高效涡轮铸冷叶片内部冷却通道中的流动特性,以铸冷叶片典型结构——双层壳型冲击/气膜复合冷却结构的平壁模型为研究对象,实验研究了该种冷却结构的综合流量系数Cd随冲击雷诺数Red(600～2800),主次流吹风比M(0.7～7),冲击间距比H/d(0.5～1.25),冲击孔和气膜孔间距比P/d(0,3,4)等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)Cd随着冲击雷诺数Red,吹风比M的增加而增大,在吹风比小于3工况下更为显著;(2)在相同的气动参数条件下,综合流量系数Cd随着孔排距比P/d的增加而增大,随着冲击间距比H/d的减小而显著降低。     

涡轮叶片前缘双排孔气膜冷却数值模拟

为了解冷气喷射对涡轮叶片前缘气膜冷却特性的影响,对圆柱形前缘双排孔气膜冷却进行全三维N-S方程数值模拟。计算域网格采用FNM形式的多块结构化网格。研究了射流与主流的流动机理,分析了不同吹风比下对壁面冷却效率的影响。计算结果表明,壁面平均绝热效率随吹风比的增大而升高。针对第二排孔结构参数进行优化设计,优化后的冷却效果要明显优于原始结构。     

Numerical investigation of of nozzle cavities thermal radiation characteristics with center cone cooled

航空发动机高温部件是发动机3-5μm上的重要红外辐射之一,对高温部件之一的中心锥的红外抑制技术进行了数值研究．在中心锥前端布置气膜缝槽,缝槽几何参数经过优化设计,将部分外涵低温气流经过支板引入中心锥,对支板和锥体壁面形成冲击冷却,在锥体前端形成气膜覆盖,使得支板与中心锥壁面得到了有效冷却,两者平均温度分别降低21．1％和46．2％,冷却气量约为外涵流量的1．6％．喷管腔体3～5Izm波段上红外辐射得到有效抑制,喷管正后方红外辐射相比原型喷管降低30％,0°-45。范围内红外辐射则明显降低．     

5kN再生冷却发动机推力室传热研究

5 kN摇摆发动机推力室采用再生冷却身部,为检验推力室冷却方案设计的合理性,对5 kN再生冷却发动机推力室进行传热计算,分析了再生冷却的影响因素,并针对发动机设计提出了相应的改进措施,改进后的发动机热试车工作正常,表明了改进工作的有效性。     

A Dual-driven Intelligent Combination Control of Heat Pipe Space Cooling System

Effective thermal control systems are essential for reliable operation of spacecraft.A dual-driven intelligent combination control strategy is proposed to improve the temperate control and heat flux tracking effects.Both temperature regulation and heat flux tracking errors are employed to generate the final control action;their contributions are adaptively adjusted by a fuzzy fusing policy of control actions.To evaluate the control effects,describe a four-nodal mathematical model for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the controlled heat pipe space cooling system(HP-SCS) consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable-emittance micro-electromechanical-system(MEMS) radiator.This dynamical model calculates the mass flow-rate and condensing pressure of the heat pipe working fluid directly from the systemic nodal temperatures,therefore,it is more suitable for control engineering applications.The closed-loop transient performances of four different control schemes have been numerically investigated.The results conclude that the proposed intelligent combination control scheme not only improves the thermal control effects but also benefits the safe operation of HP-SCS.