低速来流大攻角侧滑角状态下尖脊进气道气动特性试验研究

在低速来流状态下试验研究了大攻角(α=0°～45°)和侧滑角(β=-15°～15°)对Caret进气道气动性能的影响。给出了在各攻角下进气道性能参数随侧滑角变化的特点及典型状态下进气道出口总压恢复系数分布图谱,分析了出口总压分布图谱与进气口流动之间的关系。试验表明:在低速来流状态(Ma≈0.1)下,随着攻角的增加(α从0°增加到45°),进气道总压恢复系数下降较小,总压畸变指数几乎不变,这有利于飞机的大攻角机动飞行。      

带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流场的数值计算

采用三维贴体曲线坐标网格,边界网格加密且正交,在整个计算区域进行全场计算。为避免因波瓣造成的网格强烈的非正交引起解的发散,采用了Chen和Kim修正的k-ε湍流模型及同位网格SIMPLC计算方法,对带有双层壁扩压器的波瓣喷管混合流动进行了数值计算和分析。对波瓣及双层壁,采用大粘性的方法解决流固耦合。计算结果表明:在双层壁间有外界冷气流被引射进入,形成了壁面的冷却气流;自波瓣出口截面沿流向产生的环流速度场,强化了主次流的掺混,速度分布渐趋均匀。计算结果与实验数据符合良好,二者在离开波瓣52 mm的混合管内相对主流速度的最大误差为21.65 %。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of Spectral Line Profiles in Polar Coronal Holes

Ultraviolet emission line profiles have been measured on 15-29 September 1997 for H I 1216 Å, O VI 1032, 1037 Å and Mg X 625 Å in a polar coronal hole, at heliographic heights ? (in solar radii) between 1.34 and 2.0. Observations of H I 1216 Å and the O VI doublet from January 1997 for ? = 1.5 to 3.0 are provided for comparison. Mg X 625 Å is observed to have a narrow component at ? = 1.34 which accounts for only a small fraction of the observed spectral radiance, and a broad component that exists at all observed heights. The widths of O VI broad components are only slightly larger than those for H I at ? = 1.34, but are significantly larger at ? = 1.5 and much larger for ? > 1.75. In contrast, the Mg X values are less than those of H I up to 1.75 and then increase rapidly up to at least ? = 2.0, but never reach the values of O VI.     

再入体实验模型热化学非平衡绕流流场的数值分析

利用数值求解一个和多个振动温度热化学非平衡Navier-Stokes方程的CFD计算程序,对爆轰风洞球锥试验模型的热化学非平衡绕流流场进行了数值模拟,分析了分子组分振动温度在全流场(头身部流场和底部流场)中的分布规律.研究结果表明:(1)计算的压力、电子数密度以及流场的光辐射数据与试验数据符合较好;(2)在再入体身部,大多数分子的振动温度峰值大大高于平动温度的峰值;在再入体近尾出现振动温度冻结并大大高于平动温度的现象;CO2的两个振动态的振动温度分布非常接近平动温度分布.     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

变工况下非轴对称端壁环形叶栅流场特性实验

通过风洞实验对三角函数非轴对称端壁造型法和压差非轴对称端壁造型法设计的环形叶栅在设计工况和非设计工况下的流场参数进行了测量与分析.结果表明:不同进出口条件时,非轴对称端壁造型对于流场参数影响呈现出一些新特点.由于压力面与吸力面上压力改变的幅度大小会因为来流条件的变化而不同,当地总压损失系数会随着出口马赫数的降低而减小,二次流速度矢量分布规律不会随着出口马赫数的变化而不同,但二次流速度大小及通道涡系强度会随着出口马赫数的降低而减小.      

飞翼无人机3种保形进气口进气道气动与隐身综合特性对比

基于飞翼布局无人机隐身与结构装载布置要求,保形设计了3种进气口形状的背负式S弯进气道,按照进口投影截面形状上、下底之比顺序排列,分别为三角形、梯形和矩形.利用数值模拟方法对无人机内外流场耦合流动进行计算分析,且基于射线弹跳(SBR)法对进气道电磁散射特性进行仿真研究,获得了飞翼无人机3种进气道的气动与隐身综合特性.研究结果表明:①矩形进气道模型升阻和纵向力矩特性表现均最好;②3种 进气道模型按顺序排列总压恢复系数逐渐增大,畸变指数逐渐减小,进气道沿程气流也逐渐顺畅,矩形进气道模型进气道内流特性最优;③0°迎角下3种进气道模型雷达散射截面(RCS)均值基本呈现先增大后减小的特征,进气道终端开放时矩形进气道模型隐身性能最好,而终端短路时三角形进气道模型隐身效果更优异.      

涡扇发动机轴对称引射收敛喷管红外辐射特性

数值研究了涡扇发动机轴对称引射收敛喷管的红外辐射特性.排气系统的流场计算采用商用数值模拟软件,红外辐射特性计算采用自主开发的软件NUAA-IR,计算分析了轴对称收敛喷管和引射收敛喷管在3~5μm波段红外辐射特性以及喷管内不同固体壁面在探测方向上的红外辐射贡献.结果表明:引射收敛喷管的红外抑制作用主要在于引射加强了尾喷流与环境大气的掺混,减小了尾喷流的长度,降低了燃气流的红外辐射;引射收敛喷管对喷管内固体壁面的遮挡以及降温作用很小,只在方位角为20°方向上对内涵壁面、外涵内壁等中低温壁面有效;引射收敛喷管的总积分辐射强度在方位角为0°~15°范围内与收敛喷管几乎相等,在其他方位角范围内均小于收敛喷管,且在方位角为40°方向上降低幅度达到最大,约为34%.      

基于2D-LDV技术的船舶螺旋桨三维流场结构分析(英文)

利用2D-LDV设备,通过优化布置测试点,获得了均匀来流下螺旋桨尾流场三维流动数据。展示了宏观的流场动态以及微观的流动信息,如尾涡和梢涡在流场中的分布情况、尾涡部流动的剪切效应、梢涡部的绕流及流动分离状态。计算了水动力螺距角以及螺旋桨附着涡的总环量。试验显示了LDV技术在流动细节测试方面的优势,获得的定量信息可以为相关研究人员提供技术支持。     

存在观测站位置误差的转发式时差无源定位

无源定位中,由于观测站安放在运动平台等原因造成的观测站位置误差会影响无源定位精度性能。另外到达时间差(简称时差)(TDOA)的转发式测量需要将不同观测站截获到的辐射源信号都转发到同一位置,如主观测站。针对这两个问题,提出了基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的无源定位算法。首先将转发式时差的非线性定位方程转化为不需要中间变量的直接线性方程,再基于CTLS算法依次转化为约束优化问题和无约束优化问题,最后推导给出定位近似闭式解。仿真实验表明在观测站误差较大时,该算法与其他算法相比定位精度性能较好。