预混可燃流体在大长径比圆管内流动传热点燃研究

通过对预混可燃流体在大长径比圆管内的流动和传热的分析,首次提出一种用于脉冲火箭发动机多次点火的方法。新型发动机中,预混可燃流体在流动过程中被加热,并自动点火,按需要通过迅速散热保证熄火,从而实现了任意脉冲的自动点火和熄火,并可实现推力调节。对这种点火方法进行了理论分析和实验研究,成功地得到了5个工作脉冲。     

利用视加速度补偿和推力逐级释放的垂直着陆制导方法

针对运载火箭子级垂直返回着陆段的制导问题,本文在应用凸优化的滚动时域在线规划基础上研究了制导鲁棒性的改善策略。为应对着陆后期控制能力不足的情况,在滚动规划过程中引入了推力上界逐级释放的策略。同时,考虑缓解干扰和误差累积的影响,在制导周期内引入视加速度信息对在线规划的推力指令进行补偿,以进一步改善滚动规划的递归可行性。最后,通过数值算例仿真及对比分析验证所提出的补偿策略的有效性。     

变背景下斑点状散布目标自动识别算法

从自动目标识别原理出发,通过对变背景下斑点状散布目标特性的分析,发现了该类目标图像中背景、噪声和斑点状散布目标的固有规律。进而,从图像像素灰度这一最基本的要素着手,研究了如何在大量的序列图像中搜索目标帧位置的方法。然后,基于目标轮廓提取和串行边界分割技术,解决了变背景下斑点状散布目标自动识别的难题。实验结果证明:该算法具有高效、快速、稳定、适用等优点,并为相关领域内的应用提供了宝贵的参考价值。     

不同舵翼操纵面形式的水动力及艇后流场特性数值模拟研究

为研究共翼型舵和非共翼型舵两种操纵面形式的艇后流场特性及螺旋桨推进特性,基于SST(Menter)湍流模型建立了SUBOFF标准潜艇模型尾流场数值预报模型。经试验结果验证,所建立数值模型进行潜艇尾流场及螺旋桨推进性能预报具有较高精度。将SUBOFF潜艇模型的水平舵改进为共翼型舵及非共翼型舵,对艇后流场及水动力性能进行了预报。数值结果表明：在舵角小于10°时,共翼型舵使潜艇的俯仰力矩和垂向力相对非共翼型舵提升20%以上;在舵角超过10°时,共翼型舵的水动力优势随着舵角增大而减小。尾部流场预报显示：共翼型舵在小舵角时可以有效的消除舵翼结合处的涡流,同时共翼型舵可以有效的降低桨盘面伴流的不均匀性,对尾流品质的改善效果优于非共翼型舵。螺旋桨计算结果显示：共翼型舵螺旋桨推进系数在大部分舵角下都小于非共翼型舵,在舵角为20°时,共翼型舵相对非共翼型舵推力系数下降3.5%,扭矩系数下降2.4%;同时共翼型舵的桨盘面流场均匀度要优于非共翼型舵,舵角为5°时,共翼型舵桨盘面处流场不均匀度相对于非共翼型舵要降低7.1%,舵角为25°时则降低25.1%。     

基于有限时间理论的临近空间拦截器末制导律PWPF调节器研究

针对拦截临近空间高速机动目标,基于有限时间理论,设计了有限时间收敛末制导律和脉冲宽度脉冲频率（PWPF）调节器。首先,介绍了加入PWPF调节器的末制导数学模型及工作原理;其次,设计了有限时间收敛制导律,应用有限时间理论证明了收敛条件和性质,并推广到推力受限条件下;最后,考虑视线（LOS）角速率快速收敛和发动机最小工作时间要求,设计了PWPF调节器参数。仿真结果表明,视线角速率在制导结束前的有限时间收敛至零,对目标机动具有鲁棒性,具有较高的制导精度,避免了发动机频繁开启,节省了燃料。     

轨姿控发动机动态推力与推力矢量测试系统研制

针对目前轨姿控发动机动态推力与推力矢量测试系统测量精度低、测试覆盖面不全及操作的复杂性,研制了一套基于压电测力平台的动态推力与推力矢量测试系统。此系统的研制攻克了测力平台结构参数优化技术、标准信号发生器设计技术、测试相间干扰处理技术等五项关键技术点.实现了连续脉冲力及多方向力的测量,系统操作可靠、便捷,各项测试指标满足总体要求,为动态推力及推力矢量测试提供了手段。     

Analysis of spacecraft motion under constant circumferential propulsive acceleration

This paper reassesses the classical circumferential-thrust problem, in which a spacecraft orbiting around a primary body is subjected to a propulsive acceleration of constant modulus, whose direction is in the plane of the parking orbit and orthogonal to the spacecraft-primary line. In particular, a new formulation is proposed to obtain a reduction in the number of differential equations required for the study of the spacecraft propelled trajectory. The mathematical complexity of the problem may be further reduced assuming that both the propulsive acceleration modulus and the spacecraft distance from the primary body are sufficiently small. In that case, an approximate model is able to accurately describe the characteristics of the propelled trajectory when the parking orbit is circular. Finally, using the data obtained by numerical simulations, the approximate model is extended to generate a set of semi-analytical equations for the analysis of a classical escape mission scenario.     

具侧向脉冲力制导炮弹的非线性稳定性分析

研究了制导炮弹受侧向脉冲推力作用后处于大攻角情况下的非线性运动稳定性问题.应用首次积分描述了弹丸的运动方程,得到了描述攻角余弦变化的多项式,通过对多项式的分析将弹丸角运动稳定性的问题转化为求解多项式的负根问题,最后运用霍尔维茨定理给出了弹丸非线性运动稳定的充分条件,为非线性运动条件下弹丸的飞行形态的预测、脉冲执行机构的设计等问题提供了一定的理论依据.      

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

推力室涡流冷却技术试验研究

涡流冷却是一种新型液体火箭发动机推力室冷却技术。在理论分析和数值计算的基础上,设计了采用气氢/气氧作为推进剂的试验用涡流冷却推力室,进行了多次冷流试验和点火试验。在不采用其它冷却措施的情况下,完成了工作时间为20s的点火试验。试验结果表明,涡流冷却推力室工作稳定,气氧形成了有效的冷涡流,圆筒段外壁面温升为5K,部分气氧形成的气膜也对喷管形成了有效的保护。