中国星载CCD相机控温仪性能比较

星载CCD相机热设计中的主动控温加热器一般由控温仪来完成自动控制。中国卫星普遍采用的控温仪是常规电子开关型控温仪和智能型控温仪,文章对这两种控温仪的性能进行了多个方面的比较。     

星载CCD相机真空热试验方法讨论

我国相关标准对于具有主动热控的星载CCD相机单机热真空试验方法一直没有明确定义,相机在试验中的温度设置值如何确定是其关键问题。文章认为此值应与相机的热设计温度范围相同;如果不以温度作为验证热设计的唯一条件,那么相机的热设计也可以同相机结构、光学设计一起,在真空热环境条件下,对相机进行光学性能检测验证。可以通过相机的热真空试验,一方面验证相机的温度适应性;另一方面,设置相应的真空热试验工况,通过光学性能检测来验证热设计。从而减少相机的热平衡试验项目,简化了研制流程。在实施过程中,为了解决相机的光学窗口热流模拟的困难,可在相机光学窗口正对、具有一定距离的位置设置反射镜,并在其背部和周边设置加热回路。文章最后结合某CCD相机的应用实例对相机的真空热试验方法进行了讨论。     

空间飞行器交会对接相对位置和姿态的在轨自检校光学成像测量算法

空间飞行器交会对接的最后逼近阶段，通常采用光学成像敏感器来测量跟踪飞行器和目标飞行器之间的相对位置和姿态。考虑到飞行器在轨运行期间，CCD相机受空间环境的影响，其内参数会发生变化的实际情况，提出了一种单CCD在轨自检校光学测量方案，其主要特点是飞行器在执行测量任务时，可同时进行相机内参数的自检校。首先根据严格的中心投影共线条件方程，推导出目标飞行器光学特征点坐标和对应的像点坐标与内参数及相对位置和姿态的严格解析关系；然后建立了内参数及相对位置和姿态的解析表达式；提出了目标航天器上光学特征点的布设要求。通过严格的理论分析和数值仿真，单CCD在轨自检校光学测量方案具有可靠性高、精度高、算法易实现、适应能力强等优点。     

交会对接光学成像敏感器光点布局求解有效性研究

在自主交会对接的最后逼近段,CCD光学成像敏感器作为主要的导航敏感器,其测量的有效性直接关系到交会对接导航信息获取的准确性。目标标志器上的光点个数和光点布局是影响光学成像敏感器测量有效性的重要因素。本文首先给出四光点平面布局真伪解之间的转换关系,在此基础上对增加一个突出光点的五光点布局和增加两个突出光点的六光点布局求解的有效性进行理论分析,对四光点、五光点布局求解出现伪解的情况给出伪解判别条件和解决方法,并通过仿真验证了有效性。     

用于故障穿越的飞轮储能双三相异步电机驱动控制研究

随着海上风电场的发展和高压直流输电技术的应用,风电场系统存在交流侧故障穿越的问题。针对这个问题,提出了一种用于故障穿越的基于模块化多电平变频器和双三相异步电机的飞轮储能系统,并设计了其驱动控制方案。飞轮储能系统采用了模块化多电平技术能方便地构建大功率高压变频器,并具备扩容能力。为了提高飞轮储能系统的可靠性,采用了双三相异步电机驱动,从而提高了冗余性。接着设计了能均衡各个模块电容电压的双三相异步电机驱动控制算法。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台建立了风电场和飞轮储能系统的仿真模型,进行了仿真计算。仿真结果验证了飞轮储能系统的功能和驱动控制策略的性能。     

显微镜采集图象的自动化

介绍了一种利用ＰＣ机与单片机通讯控制显微镜载物平台作三维运动从而实现了自动搜索视场,自动聚焦的方法,文中较详细地介绍了作为自动采集系统前台控制和驱动部分的单片机系统的硬,软件结构,以及作为上位机的ＰＣ机的控制策略和软件流程,由于采用了微机技术并配以精密的机械传动机构,使得对数据的获取和分析快速,准确,克服了手动调节动作慢,误差大等问题,为以后进一步对图象信息进行分析处理提供了便利。     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星光学载荷在轨运行情况分析

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星于2008年9月6日发射升空,至2013年7月20日,2颗卫星的4台宽覆盖多光谱CCD相机、1台超光谱成像仪(HSI)和1台红外相机(IRS)已在轨稳定工作近5年,共获取超过61万景2级地面遥感图像数据。文章对在轨运行的光学载荷遥测参数进行了统计和分析,结果表明:DC/DC电压遥测变化量不超过5%,关键光机部位温度遥测变化量小于2.25℃,转动部件电压和电流遥测变化量小于1%,遥测参数均在设计范围内,显示光学载荷在轨稳定正常工作。最后,综合分析了光学载荷图像数据应用情况,分析表明:光学载荷图像数据具有较强的地物影像分类、提取和分辨能力,与国外同类卫星比较,水体识别符合度达到90%以上,旱情分级符合度大于66%,光谱分辨率达到5nm,积雪范围提取精度达到90%以上,在各类应用领域发挥了较大的效能。     

基于PMAC的三自由度并联机床数控系统硬件开发

针对并联机床运动控制的特点，基于PMAC多轴运动控制卡，开发了一个应用于三自由度并联机床的硬件控制系统。测试结果表明，系统设计合理，能准确的控制并联机床的动作。     

Analysis of total visual and CCD V-broadband observations of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp): 1995–2001

We developed a general method for determination of water production rates from groundbased visual observations and applied it to Comet Hale–Bopp. Our main objective is to extend the method to include total visual magnitude observations obtained with CCD detector and V filter in the analysis of total visual magnitudes. We compare the CCD V-broadband careful observations of Liller [Liller, W. Pre-perihelion CCD photometry of Comet 1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Planet. Space Sci. 45, 1505–1513, 1997; Liller, W. CCD photometry of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp): 1995–2000. Int. Comet Quart. 23(3), 93–97, 2001] with the total visual magnitude observations from experienced international observers found in the International Comet Quarterly (ICQ) archive. A data set of ∼400 CCD observations covering about the same 6 years time span of the ∼12,000 ICQ selected total visual magnitude observations were used in the analysis. A least-square method applied to the water production rates, yields power laws as a function of the heliocentric distances for the pre- and post-perihelion phases. The average dimension of the nucleus as well as its effective active area is determined and compared with values published in the literature.     

Cost-driven design of small satellite remote sensing systems*

Earth remote sensing (alongside communications) is one of the key application of Earth-orbiting satellites. Civilian satellites in the LANDSAT and SPOT series provide Earth images which have been used for a vast spectrum of applications in agriculture, meteorology, hydrology, urban planning and geology, to name but a few. In the defence sector, satellite remote sensing systems are a critical tool in strategic and tactical planning – for the countries which can afford them. To date, remote sensing satellites have fallen into one of these two categories: military missions driven by the requirement for very high resolution and orbital agility; and multipurpose civil satellites using general purpose sensors to serve a diverse community of end users. For military-style missions, the drive to high resolution sets the requirements for optics, attitude control and downlink data bandwidth. For civil missions, the requirement to satisfy multiple, diverse user applications forces compromises on spectral band and orbit selection. Although there are exceptions, many small satellite remote sensing missions carry on in this tradition, concentrating on ultra high resolution products for multiple user communities. This results in satellites costing on the order of US $100 M, not optimised for any particular application. This paper explores an alternative path to satellite remote sensing, aiming simultaneously to reduce cost and to optimise imaging products for specific applications. By decreasing the cost of the remote sensing satellite system to a critical point, it becomes appropriate to optimise the sensor's spectral and temporal characteristics to fit the requirements of a small, specialised user base. The critical engineering trade-off faced in a cost driven mission is how to reduce mission cost while still delivering a useful product to the selected user. At the Surrey Space Centre, we have pursued an engineering path using two dimensional CCD array sensors, commercial off-the-shelf lenses and gravity-gradient stabilised microsatellites. In spite of the inherent limitations of such systems, recent successes with the Thai Microsatellite Company's Thai-Phutt satellite show that a system costing in the region of US $3 million, can approach the spectral and spatial characteristics of LANDSAT. Surrey's UoSAT-12 minisatellite (to be launched April, 1999) will further develop this cost-driven approach to provide 10 m panchromatic resolution and 30 m multi-spectral resolution. This paper describes the Thai-Phutt and UoSAT-12 imaging systems, explaining the engineering methods and trade-offs. Although Surrey is presently the only centre presently pursuing such implementations, our paper shows that they deserve wider consideration.