CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

Aerodynamic Design Methodology for Blended Wing Body Transport

This paper puts forward a design idea for blended wing body(BWB).The idea is described as that cruise point,maximum lift to drag point and pitch trim point are in the same flight attitude.According to this design idea,design objectives and constraints are defined.By applying low and high fidelity aerodynamic analysis tools,BWB aerodynamic design methodology is established by the combination of optimization design and inverse design methods.High lift to drag ratio,pitch trim and acceptable buffet margin can be achieved by this design methodology.For 300-passenger BWB configuration based on static stability design,as compared with initial configuration,the maximum lift to drag ratio and pitch trim are achieved at cruise condition,zero lift pitching moment is positive,and buffet characteristics is well.Fuel burn of 300-passenger BWB configuration is also significantly reduced as compared with conventional civil transports.Because aerodynamic design is carried out under the constraints of BWB design requirements,the design configuration fulfills the demands for interior layout and provides a solid foundation for continuous work.     

流体力学深度学习建模技术研究进展

深度学习技术在图像处理、语言翻译、疾病诊断、游戏竞赛等领域已带来了颠覆性的变化。流体力学问题由于维度高、非线性强、数据量大等特点,恰恰是深度学习擅长并可以带来研究范式创新的重要领域。目前,深度学习技术已在流体力学领域得到了初步应用,其应用潜力逐渐得到证实。以流体力学深度学习技术为背景,结合课题组近期研究结果,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术及其最新进展。首先,对深度学习技术所涉及的基本理论做了介绍,阐释流场建模中常用深度学习方法背后的数学原理。其次,分别对流体力学控制方程、流场重构、特征量建模和应用等几个典型的人工智能与流体力学交叉问题应用场景所涉及的深度学习技术研究进展进行了介绍。最后,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术所面临的挑战与未来发展趋势。     

共轴对转螺旋桨的非定常气动干扰

为优化共轴对转螺旋桨的气动性能,研究前后桨之间复杂的非定常气动干扰,使用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程的数值模拟方法,以及滑移网格技术,对6×6构型的共轴对转螺旋桨进行了三维非定常气动干扰计算,获得了共轴对转螺旋桨的气动特性变化规律,并给出了优化气动外形及运行控制的建议。计算结果表明:来流马赫数为0.38的情况下,由于非定常气动干扰导致的整个共轴对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数的脉动幅值为1.5%左右,推进效率的脉动幅值在0.1%左右。一个旋转周期内,前后桨均出现了12次周期波动,后桨由于能够吸收一部分前桨产生的切向滑流能量,推进效率比前桨更高一些,而且能够提高整个桨的效率。另外通过压力系数以及轴向速度的径向分布情况看,70%左右的桨半径位置上非定常气动干扰强度相对较大。      

英语课堂提问模式研究

课堂提问是英语课堂教学中师生交流的主要途径之一,提问方式对课堂互动起着重要作用。利用建构主义和交际论的理论框架,探讨如何通过课堂提问,达到在课堂互动中提高学生交际能力的目的。     

弹体旋转对超音速射流元件的影响研究

研究了弹体旋转对超音速射流元件（SFE）的内部流场结构及输出推力特性的影响,并采用二维N—S方程以及RNG k-ε湍流模型,用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法和滑移网格技术进行了数值模拟。结果表明,弹体旋转对超音速射流元件内部流场结构几乎没有影响,而对姿态控制发动机的控制推力大小和方向的影响不容忽视。所得结论可为旋转弹姿态控制系统的总体设计以及超音速射流元件的结构及气动参数选择提供依据。     

多级会切场推力器振荡特性模拟研究

目前多级会切场推力器数值模拟研究采用的主要手段是全粒子模拟方法,但是这种全粒子模拟对计算机的要求较高,因此文章通过建立HEMPT的一维流体模型,再现HEMPT的振荡现象,对放电电流和等离子体参数之间的关联性及等离子体参数分布规律进行研究。沿着两条典型的电子传导路径,利用MATLAB中Simulink模块建立一维流体模型。结果分析表明,推力器内部等离子体参数的振荡周期与放电电流振荡周期一致。推力器的主电离区在两个磁尖端之间,电势降主要集中在出口附近。     

旋翼干扰流场数值模拟中的新型Blend低速预处理方法

针对定常低速预处理在双时间步长内收敛性差、旋翼干扰流场数值模拟中非定常低速预处理自动退化为无预处理的问题,在非定常低速预处理方法的基础上,采用量级分析方法研究了对流项和黏性项量级,通过组合定常和非定常预处理特征值矩阵,建立了一种新型Blend低速预处理方法。通过圆柱非定常扰流、前飞直升机旋翼/机身干扰非定常流场和直升机/舰船干扰非定常流场的数值模拟,对各低速预处理方法的收敛性和预测精度进行了细致研究。结果表明,本文方法解决了在旋翼干扰流场数值模拟时非定常低速预处理自动退化为无预处理的问题,相比定常低速预处理大幅提高了收敛效率。     

基于仿真的小型数据中心气流组织研究

为了实现小型数据中心能在办公室环境中运行而降低运行成本这一实际需求,提出了蒸汽压缩制冷系统与服务器融合封闭的降噪与制冷的一体化设计方案。在关键部件——轴流风扇和蒸发器的仿真策略得到验证的基础上,建立了系统气流组织仿真模型以分析箱体内流动与换热特征,以方差和信息熵构建不均匀性评价指标以评估不同风扇排布方式对服务器温度场均匀性的影响,讨论了发热密度增大时的应对策略。结果表明,轴流风扇不均匀的动量驱动导致了蒸发器内不均匀的流动与换热,所设计的降噪制冷系统可以使服务器的排风温度控制在21.6~22.2℃,增加蒸发器的散热风扇可以整体上改善温度场均匀性,发热密度增大时增大服务器的通风量是降低排风温度的有效措施。