Critical phenomenon,crisis and transition to spatiotemporal chaos in plasmas

In a driven/damped drift-wave system a steady wave induces nonlinear variation of the dispersion of a perturbation wave (PW). Competition between the nonlinear dispersion with self-nonlinearity of the PW results in rich wave dynamic behaviors. In particular, a steady wave at the negative tangency slope of a hysteresis becomes unstable due to a saddle instability. It is found that such saddle steady wave (SSW) plays an important role in the discontinuous transition from a spatially coherent state to spatiotemporal chaos (STC). The transition is caused by a crisis due to a collision of the PW attactor to an unstable orbit of the SSW. In the time evolution, it is a ‘pattern resonance’ of the realized wave with the virtual SSW that triggers the crisis. The transition also displays as a critical phenomenon in parameter space, which is related to the change in the symmetry property of the motion of master mode (k = 1) of the PW with respect to that of SSW. In the spatially coherent state the former is trapped by the SSW partial wave, while in the STC it can become free from the latter, its trajectory crosses two unstable orbits of the SSW frequently, causing very turbulent behavior. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

金属热防护系统动力学建模研究

研究了金属热防护系统的动力学建模及简化计算方法.首先,给出了蜂窝结构面外的等效热导率、比热容、密度和弹性系数的表达式,并给出了算例验证;其次,建立了包括外层蜂窝、中间防热层、内层蜂窝、应变隔离层和承力结构的完整模型,研究了外表面受高温加热情况下结构的热力学响应及弯曲模态;最后,提出了带金属热防护系统的结构弯曲热模态计算...     

化学回热循环中工质热力性质的处理方法

采用VC和Matlab混合编程的方法,编制了CRGT循环中工质（水-水蒸气和空气-湿燃气）的热力性质计算程序。空气和干燃气的热力性质采用理想气体掺混模型,水和蒸汽的热力性质采用IAPWS-IF97标准模型,湿燃气的热力性质采用改进的工程计算方法进行处理。计算结果表明：该方法计算精度高、计算速度快。     

非平衡电弧加热射流光谱学诊断方法：第二部分：氩,氮混合射流

本文是非平衡电弧加热射流光谱学诊断方法实验研究工作的第二部分，给出了氩、氮混合射流的结果，证明亚声速射流中确有非平衡囊兜现象存在。     

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.     

Theoretical investigation on water/metal fuel ramjet motor-thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic calculation

For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.      

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.     

高空气球热力学模型与上升过程仿真分析

基于对高空气球热力学环境的分析,建立了热力学与动力学耦合的高空气球动力学模型;并采用该模型对某高空气球的上升与驻留过程进行仿真分析.结果表明:高空气球上升过程中内部氦气存在"超冷"现象,其中平流层区域"超冷"明显,氦气平均温差为-19 K;由于"超冷",其上升速度曲线呈双"V"形变化;强太阳辐射与弱对流环境使驻留过程中氦气呈现"超热"现象,平衡时氦气平均温度比环境温度高39 K,球内氦气超压648.8 Pa.数值仿真的速度、平均温度变化规律与相关飞行试验数据相吻合,说明该仿真模型是有效的.      

面向稀薄流非线性本构预测的机器学习方法

稀薄非平衡流域内连续介质假设已经失效,主要围绕Boltzmann方程及模型方程对稀薄非平衡流开展理论与计算研究,统一气体动理论格式（UGKS）是其中一种代表性方法。在稀薄非平衡流数值模拟中,Navier-Stokes （N-S）方程连续介质假设已经失效,不能有效描述流场非平衡特征。UGKS方法虽然计算精度高,但速度空间离散导致计算效率低下,多维高速条件下数值计算难以开展。基于数据驱动的思想,在N-S方程与UGKS方法的研究基础上发展出了一种稀薄非平衡流非线性本构关系求解方法（DNCR）。该方法以N-S与UGKS求解器获得的流场数值模拟计算结果作为训练数据集,基于流场特征参数采用极端随机树算法生成机器学习模型,对预测流场中线性黏性应力项与热流项进行非线性修正,并耦合非线性本构关系求解宏观守恒方程得到目标状态稀薄非平衡流动数值解。针对DNCR方法中所采用的机器学习方法-极端随机树模型,通过二维顶盖驱动方腔流算例对高维非线性建模涉及的特征参数选取、参数调优开展了相关验证工作,选取若干典型状态对极端随机树模型的泛化性能开展研究,并评估了相关模型与方法的计算精度与计算效率。     

一种桨尖暖喷微型动力系统的设计与实现

桨尖喷气直升机具有结构简单、空机重量轻的特点。桨尖喷气可分为冷喷,暖喷和热喷三种循环形式。针对用于驱动桨尖喷气旋翼机的微型暖喷混合排气发动机的设计与改造的研究工作,将原微型涡喷发动机作为燃气发生器,在其之后增加混排改造部件。按照原微型涡喷发动机和新构型的混合暖喷发动机的构型分别进行简化假设,并进行热力计算。根据混排发动机各截面参数及约束条件进行各部件设计,完成了混排发动机全部设计和制造后,初步测试表明：发动机可以很好满足桨尖喷气旋翼系统对于材料温度的要求,同时在相同耗油率的情况下,流量明显增加,达到了提高桨尖喷气热效率的目的。