固冲发动机设计点性能迭代计算(英文)

固冲发动机热力学性能参数计算是发动机性能计算的重要部分,通常是针对特定的推进剂建立热力学数据表格,然后通过插值取得相应参数。通过对NASA CEA程序进行二次开发,使其成为便于应用的子程序,并以补燃室热力计算为基础,通过给定推进剂配方、进气道总压恢复系数、补燃室燃烧效率、比冲效率等设计参数,建立了满足总体推力要求的固冲发动机设计点性能迭代计算方法,为固冲发动机方案设计提供了一种实用工具。     

RBCC发动机热力/推进效率计算及影响因素研究

给出了RBCC发动机推进效率、热效率及总效率等热力/推进效率计算方程,开展了特定条件下油气比、流量比及速度比等因素对发动机效率影响规律研究.结果表明, 当燃油和火箭发动机推进剂种类、质量流量及飞行速度一定时,产生推力的RBCC发动机排气速度变化范围有限,且该范围可通过计算进行明确;在其他变量为定值的条件下,推进效率分别随油气比、流量比及速度比的增大呈单调增加的趋势;随着速度比减小,热效率、总效率增大.     

电动静液作动器热力学建模方法及油液温升规律

电动静液作动器（EHA）是多电飞机关键子系统之一,其高度集成设计在减小体积和质量的同时,大幅降低换热能力,导致EHA油液温度过高、功能丧失。针对目前EHA一维热力学建模不足问题,以油冷电机驱动的EHA为研究对象,提出EHA的“三维+一维+三维”的热力学建模方法。首先,分析EHA能量转换及传递规律,探究EHA热能产生和扩散途径,在考虑参数时变基础上提出EHA的“三维+一维+三维”热力学建模方法;其次,基于ANSYS平台建立EHA电机生热和壳体对流换热的三维热力学模型;然后,建立柱塞泵、液压缸、阀和增压油箱等一维热力学模型;最后,在AMESim平台上搭建EHA的“三维+一维+三维”的热力学模型。仿真和实验验证了EHA的“三维+一维+三维”热力学建模方法的正确性,揭示了EHA油液温升规律,为EHA的热设计提供了理论依据。      

高焓化学非平衡流条件下C/SiC复合材料的催化性能

碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（C/SiC）成为最有希望满足临近空间高超声速飞行器热防护要求的耐高温关键材料之一,其在高焓化学非平衡流条件下的催化性能是评估新一代高超声速飞行器表面气动热载荷,热防护系统精细化设计的关键参数。基于1 MW高频等离子体风洞,采用已建立起的防热材料催化特性试验测试方法开展了C/SiC材料在驻点压力分别为1.0、1.8、3.3和6.0 kPa,焓值为19.3~35.9 MJ/kg范围内的高焓离解空气环境下,在表面温度为1 453~2 003 K范围内的表面催化反应复合效率随表面温度和表面原子压力的变化关系研究。试验结果表明：C/SiC材料在高温条件下的表面催化复合效率应该同时被定义为表面温度、驻点压力和原子分压的函数。根据试验所得到的催化数据,计算了采用C/SiC作为钝头体材料的美国某典型飞行器（飞行高度H=73 km,飞行速度U=6.478 km/s,钝头体半径R_n=410 mm）的气动热环境参数,获得了考虑完全催化和有限催化条件下飞行器表面温度变化历程,结果进一步验证了飞行器热防护系统所承受的气动热载荷以及表面温度响应在很大程度上受到防热材料表面催化特性的影响。     

外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声的原因探究及解决方法

通过分析与研究,详细分析了外啮合齿轮泵噪声现象的机理:(1)外啮合齿轮泵制造精度不够;(2)外啮合齿轮泵高速旋转时出现抽空现象或者是吸油管路中途吸入空气;(3)外啮合齿轮泵出现困油现象而没有设计相应的缷荷槽;(4)外啮合齿轮泵采用较大正变位齿轮,齿数较少,排油压力脉动率增大,使外啮合齿轮泵产生噪声;(5)进出油口压力过大,压力急剧上升出现较大冲击,从而产生了噪声和振动。对此有针对性地设计出了消除外啮合齿轮泵噪声现象的特殊结构,不但大大降低了噪声现象,而且还提高了外啮合齿轮泵的容积效率。可为今后设计高质量的高转速外啮合齿轮泵提供一条新的途径。     

真实气体效应对等离子体鞘套及电磁参数的影响

针对高速飞行器高超声速飞行环境，建立了热化学非平衡流动数值模拟技术，并对计算方法的可靠性进行了验证，接着开展了真实气体效应对飞行器等离子体鞘套及其电磁参数的影响规律分析。结果表明:飞行器物面中心线等离子体密度峰值与飞行试验符合良好；对于碰撞频率，沿滞止流线，双温模型以及Park反应模型对等离子体碰撞频率的影响趋势是一致的；对于相对介电常数，除激波附近，流场其他区域的实部接近1，激波附近小于1，虚部沿滞止流线逐渐升高；双温模型以及Park反应模型对相对介电常数实部和虚部的影响趋势是一致的。      

Effect of injection scheme on asymmetric phenomenon in rectangular and circular scramjets

The asymmetric separation has a crucial effect on the performance of the scramjet. In this study, the asymmetric separation and combustion in both rectangular and circular scramjets are investigated numerically, and the effect of injection scheme is analyzed. The characteristics of the flow field are analyzed based on sufficient code verification. In the rectangular scramjet, the separation tends to occur in the corner due to the corner boundary-layer effect. The separation is asymmetric and only two corners have serious separation. The fuel penetration depth in the separation zone increases and the combustion is intensified. When the injection scheme is uniform, both the combustion and separation become weak. In the circular scramjet, the separation and combustion are basically axisymmetric in the scramjet with one-row injection scheme. The asymmetric combustion becomes obvious in cases with multi-row injection scheme. When the injection orifices distribute intensively on the top and bottom sides, the strongest and weakest separations occur near these two sides respectively. When the distribution of orifices becomes uniform, the direction of separation cannot be predicted. For multi-row cases, the nonuniform injection scheme could result in violent combustion and asymmetric flow structures compared with the uniform injection scheme.     

临近空间太阳电池组件热力学特性仿真分析

临近空间飞行器依靠搭载的柔性太阳电池组件和储能电池组构成的能源系统,可在临近空间长期飞行和驻留,完成地面观测、无线通信、军事侦察等任务,因而成为各国航天航空领域发展的热点之一。由于太阳电池组件能量转化效率只有20%左右,大部分太阳光能量吸收后转化为热。这部分热传导到高空气球内部,将造成内部气流紊乱,增加高空气球姿态控制难度,而温度升高引起的热应力甚至可能破坏柔性太阳电池组件。本文通过计算机模拟太阳组件在高空气球蒙皮上的工作条件,建立组件结构模型及热传递数学模型,仿真得到电池组件实际工作时的温度场和应力场分布情况,对高空气球供电组件的结构优化、工作状态的掌握具有指导意义。     

Ground-based investigations on phase-moving phenomenon with space sublimation cooling for lunar exploration missions

The lunar surface is a typical vacuum environment, and its harsh heat rejection conditions bring great challenges to the thermal control technology of the exploration mission. In addition to the radiator, the sublimator is recommended as one of the promising options for heat rejection. The sublimator makes use of water to freeze and sublimate in a porous medium, rejecting heat to the vacuum environment. The complex heat and mass transfer process involves many physical phenomena such as the freezing and sublimation phase change of water in the porous medium and the movement of the phase-change interface. In this paper, the visualized ground-based experimental approaches of space sublimation cooling were presented to reveal the moving law of three-phase point and the growth phenomenon of ice-peak and icicle in microchannels under vacuum conditions. The visualized experiments and results prove that the freezing ice is divided into the porous ice-peak and the transparent icicle. As the sublimation progresses, the phase-change interface moves downward steadily, the length of the ice-peak increases, but the icicle decreases. The visualized experiments of space sublimation cooling in the capillary have guiding significance to reveal the sublimation cooling mechanism of water in the sublimator for lunar exploration missions.