阳极氧化对TiAl合金高温氧化行为和力学性能的影响

采用电化学阳极氧化技术在含NH4F的乙二醇电解液中对TiAl合金进行阳极氧化处理。研究阳极氧化对TiAl合金高温氧化行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明:由于“卤素效应”,阳极氧化处理的TiAl合金经高温氧化后表面形成致密、连续的Al₂O₃氧化膜,有效阻止了氧的内扩散,进而显著提高合金的抗高温氧化性能。经1000℃氧化100 h后,阳极氧化试样增重由未经阳极氧化处理试样的85.86 mg/cm²降至0.67 mg/cm²。另一方面,阳极氧化TiAl合金表面硬度和弹性模量随高温氧化时间延长呈先降低后升高的趋势。阳极氧化TiAl合金在高温服役后,合金的摩擦系数较未经阳极氧化处理试样上升,但表面耐磨性先降低后升高。这是由于TiAl合金经阳极氧化后,表面形成了一层富铝含氟氧化膜,由于氧化膜中F元素在高温氧化过程中与Ti、Al结合形成卤化物,卤化物蒸气选择性扩散在原始氧化膜处形成致密的Al₂O₃保护膜。阳极氧化对TiAl合金力学性能的影响主要是由于氧化膜中Al₂O₃的含量变化所致。     

Designing method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine

Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance. However, this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule. In order to resolve this problem, the Transient-state Reverse Method (TRM) is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method (SRM) and the Virtual Power Extraction Method (VPEM). The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE. Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects, including the accuracy and the convergence rate. The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE. Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model. On the other hand, it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45% and 54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surge margin of compressors, fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria. It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

超临界压力下航空煤油RP-3焓值的测量及换热研究

基于能量守恒原理提出了一种超临界压力下中国3号喷气燃料RP-3焓值的测量方法,同时对不同超临界压力下RP-3在323～843 K内的焓值进行了测量.结果表明当燃油温度低于其临界温度时,不同超临界压力下燃油的焓值几乎是一样的,当温度高于临界温度后,不同压力下RP-3焓值之间的差异随着压力的升高而缩小.另外,根据焓值曲线计算出的燃油温度及吸热量与先前已做的其他流动与换热实验中的测量数据进行了对比,结果表明该焓值是准确可靠的,满足未来航空发动机内空油换热器的设计要求.最后,研究了热流密度对超临界煤油换热的影响,结果显示当燃油对比温度小于1.179（760 K）时,Nu数随着热流密度的增加而增加.      

运用区域法模型计算燃烧室内一维辐射换热

采用一种机理严密,精度高的区域法辐射换热模型用于燃烧室壁温计算.采用Lefebvre模型和区域法模型计算了一个圆筒型不冷却火焰筒结构的换热;对比分析了两种方法计算的壁面辐射热流密度和壁面温度分布情况.结果表明,使用Lefebvre模型计算时,由于将燃气按一维划分为定向辐射,在燃烧室前后壁面辐射热流密度较小,存在一定不足;而使用区域法模型计算时,辐射热流密度分布更趋合理.      

单涡/贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布试验

采用试验方法对单涡贫油驻涡燃烧室的出口温度分布的影响因素进行了研究,通过分析试验数据得到如下结论:①凹腔气量对出口温度分布影响较大.随着凹腔气量的增加,出口温度分布系数(OTDF)先增加后减小,与掺混射流的穿透深度有关.②燃油掺混温度对出口温度分布的影响也较大.当燃油掺混温度较小时,出口温度分布系数较低.随着燃油掺混温度增加,出口温度分布系数随之先增加后减小.③燃油供油量对出口温度分布也有重要影响.当燃油量增加时,出口温度分布系数随之先增加后减小.      

月球着陆器用金属橡胶高低温力学性能试验研究

金属橡胶作为一种有弹性的阻尼元件首次用在月球着陆器原理样机中。采用Э 71型低温万能拉伸实验机对圆环状金属橡胶试件进行了月球温度范围内的准静态刚度实验,得出了力 位移实验曲线。采用最小二乘法对试验曲线进行了数据拟合,用Matlab编程计算得出了金属橡胶试件力 位移回归方程。采用自由衰减法和冲击实验法分别对金属橡胶试件高、低温阻尼比和动力学特性进行了测试,最后得出了金属橡胶适合于用做月球着陆器中缓冲元件的结论。     

某型航空发动机喷管红外辐射特征数值模拟和试验研究

基于N-S方程建立了某型发动机喷管及其喷流流场的数值计算模型,利用辐射传输方程(RTE)积分法编制了红外辐射特征计算程序,得到了此喷管在非加力状态下工作时的红外辐射特征分布,同时利用模型试验测量得到该喷管的红外辐射特征分布。给出了在3.0～5.0μm光谱范围内的红外辐射特征数值模拟结果和试验测量结果,经比较表明:数值模拟结果和试验测量结果吻合良好。     

基于热电偶反串的温升效率测量不确定度分析

针对轴流压气机气动性能试验中存在的低压比温升效率评估问题,构建了常规测温方法与反串测温方法测量的温升效率不确定度数学分析模型,并采用某单级压气机真实试验数据进行了两种测温方法不确定度的对比分析。结果表明：相比常规测温方法,反串测温方法不仅消除了热电偶冷端环境温度测量引入的不确定度,还大幅降低了进口温度测量引入的不确定度,使温升效率测量不确定度减小幅度在30%以上。     

分步固化工艺对中温材料体系天线罩性能的影响

为探讨分步固化工艺对某中温材料体系天线罩性能的影响,本文对SW-280A/环氧树脂预浸料、FM73M胶膜和Nomex纸蜂窝组成的中温材料体系层压板及蜂窝夹层结构试样多次固化后的力学性能及电性能进行了研究。结果表明:经一次、二次、三次、四次及五次固化后,力学性能及电性能变化幅度不大,无明显的下降趋势,说明多次固化未对该中温材料体系的力学性能及电性能造成影响。材料体系天线罩的制造可以采用分步固化工艺,分步固化工艺对其力学和电性能不会产生影响。