Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

车身三坐标检测数据图形分析软件开发

根据三坐标测量机检测汽车车身后输出的数据特点,提出了一种计算机图形分析方法,并介绍了软件的编制.实施后,大大减少了车身精度分析时间,提高了分析准确性,并有效地提高了白车身质量.     

小天体探测自主绕飞智能规划建模

针对小天体探测存在显著通讯延迟、任务执行效率低等问题,梳理了小天体探测智能规划需求,面向自主绕飞任务开展了智能规划研究。首先将该问题分解为平台任务智能规划和载荷任务智能规划两部分。针对平台任务智能规划问题,基于PDDL语言设计了探测器自主管理知识模型,提出了基于状态时间线扩展的求解算法;针对任务智能规划问题,建立了基于CSP问题的智能规划数学模型,提出了基于遗传策略的求解算法。最后开发了仿真系统进行算法验证。仿真结果表明:该方法可综合平台与载荷需求,在存储、能源、通信等多种约束条件下,对绕飞探测任务进行统一的任务规划,并得到指令序列和动作序列,能够提高任务管控的智能化程度,降低任务操作的复杂性。     

Dynamics in the Phobos environment

The dynamical environment on and about the Martian moon Phobos is explored. This planetary moon provides a unique dynamical environment in the solar system, being subject to extreme tidal forces and having a characteristically non-spherical shape. Further, it is not in a fully circular orbit, meaning that it has librations that arise from its eccentricity, contributing to a periodic forcing environment. Thus, to plan and implement missions in the vicinity of and on Phobos will require these considerations be taken into account. In this paper the latest published models of the Phobos shape and dynamics are used to characterize its dynamical environment in close proximity orbit about the body, for motion across its surface and for controlled hovering motion in its vicinity. It is found that surface motion is subject to a number of “speed limits” that can cause a moving vehicle to leave the surface and to possibly escape the moon and enter orbit about Mars. In terms of orbital stability, the existence of libration orbit families are characterized down to the surface using an exact potential, and the known stable QSO orbits are shown to be associated with families of stable quasi-periodic orbits.     

改进的粒子滤波算法在软着陆小天体中的应用

针对小天体软着陆过程中估计目标天体质心视线的导航方法失效问题,给出了一种基于特征点信息的自主光学导航方法。为了进一步提高对轨道参数的估计精度,考虑到系统中存在的非高斯噪声,以及基本粒子滤波算法带来的粒子退化和采样枯竭问题,给出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。最后,通过仿真计算,验证了所给出的自主光学导航方法以及改进的粒子滤波算法的可行性和有效性。     

微波电热推力器钝头体方案的性能计算

进行了微波电热推力器（ＭＥＴ）钝头体方案的性能计算,对微波作了谐振模式ＴＭ０１１和波导模式ＴＭ０１两种选择。将计入电磁场作用的轴对称钝头体粘性流动方程,结合ＴＭ０１１或ＴＭ０１模式,与等离体区耦合求解,获得了ＴＥＴ比冲和推力等性能,结果与文献的实验及计算结果趋向一致。     

基于人体模型的舱外航天服热系统分析与计算

分析了舱外航天服空间换热的特点,对"空间环境-舱外航天服-人体"热系统进行了传热分析,利用Visual C++ 6.0及OpenGL技术进行了三维人体模型的构造,对人体体表温度的计算结果进行了三维图形显示.结合人体热调节模型建立了"空间环境-舱外航天服-人体"热系统仿真技术,分析了航天员在不同代谢模式、被动热防护状态及液冷、通风系统控制情况下的热状态,确定了各代谢活动水平下航天员达到舒适状态时液冷、通风系统的工作条件,利用暖体假人试验结果对系统仿真进行了验证,结果表明二者吻合很好,本项目具有很好的工程应用价值.      

高风速下介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励抑制翼-身组合体失速分离的试验研究

在较高风速下研究介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励对翼一身组合体绕流流动的控制效果。结果表明：在来流风速100m／s的情况下,介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励能较好地抑制流动分离,失速迎角推迟约30％,升阻比最大提高80％。研究结果为等离子体流动控制技术的应用奠定重要基础。     

基于BP神经网络的航空发动机装配参数对整机振动影响的研究

运用BP神经网络方法建立数学模型,研究装配参数对整机振动的影响,进而实现对整机振动参数的预测。试验研究表明,所建模型具有较高的预测精度。     

“嫦娥二号”卫星拓展试验轨道计算中心天体的选取

飞行器的星历积分不可避免涉及中心天体的选取问题。“嫦娥二号”卫星在拓展试验期间处于弱引力区,文章针对拓展试验期间的轨道状态,从受摄运动二体问题角度分析得出适宜选取太阳作为中心天体。进而结合真实力模型情况,使用行星星历表计算行星产生的摄动力,从理论上推导得出在忽略小天体摄动的前提下,由于摄动天体同时对中心天体和飞行器产生摄动作用,以地球为中心天体产生的摄动力类似于潮汐力,而以太阳为中心天体则不然,因而更适宜选取地球作为中心天体计算轨道运动问题