基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

超声速膨胀角入射激波/湍流边界层干扰直接数值模拟

为了揭示膨胀效应对激波/湍流边界层干扰区内复杂流动现象的影响规律,采用直接数值模拟方法对来流马赫数2.9、30°激波角的入射激波与10°膨胀角湍流边界层相互作用问题进行了数值研究。系统地探讨了激波入射点分别位于膨胀角上游、膨胀角角点和膨胀角下游3种工况下膨胀角干扰区内若干基本流动现象,如分离泡、物面压力脉动及激波非定常运动、湍流边界层统计特性和相干结构动力学过程等。结果表明,激波入射点流向位置改变对分离区流向和法向尺度的影响显著,尤其是当激波入射点位于角点及其下游区域。研究发现,膨胀角干扰区内物面压力脉动强度急剧减小,分离区内压力波向下游传播速度将降低而在膨胀区内将升高,膨胀效应极大地抑制了分离激波的低频振荡运动。相较于入射激波与平板湍流边界层干扰,入射激波流向位置改变对膨胀角再附区速度剖面对数区及尾迹区影响显著,将导致其内层结构参数升高而外层降低,近壁区内将呈现远离一组元湍流状态的趋势。此外,流向速度脉动场本征正交分解分析指出,主模态空间结构集中在分离激波及剪切层根部附近而高阶模态以边界层内小尺度正负交替脉动结构为主。低阶重构流场结果表明,前者对应为分离泡低频膨胀/收缩过程而后者表征为分离泡高频脉动。     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.     

EPB威胁下的地空导弹火力单元生存性研究

分析了电磁脉冲弹(EPB)威胁下地空导弹火力单元的弱点。根据电磁脉冲炸弹对目标的毁伤特点及其搭载对象(武器平台)的特点,建立了电磁脉冲炸弹威胁下的地空导弹火力单元生命力模型,可作为进一步研究电磁脉冲弹威胁下地空导弹火力单元抢修、伪装的理论参考。     

弹道导弹落点精度分析与仿真方法研究

通过对影响弹道导弹的落点精度的因素分类和影响分析,提出了利用仿真技术预测和修正弹道导弹落点偏差的方法。综合诸影响因素对导弹进行全弹道仿真试验设计和分析,为改进设计提供一定的依据。     

基于自定义组件的故障诊断过程显示

针对导弹控制系统结构复杂,信号线繁多,难以在故障诊断软件设计中实现诊断过程图形化实时显示的问题,提出了一种基于自定义组件开发故障诊断软件的方法.根据导弹控制系统的故障诊断流程及实时显示需要,对其结构进行了分析,抽象出了主要组成元素--信号通道和部件,由此提出了需要定义的相应组件.用Borland C Builder6.0开发环境进行了应用实践,证明使用这种方法可快速开发出能图形化实时显示故障诊断过程的导弹控制系统故障诊断软件,开发出的软件还具有运行稳定、修改升级方便等优点.     

大型客机后缘铰链襟翼巡航变弯度气动性能数值研究

更高、更快、减阻是飞机设计三大永恒的追求。传统的固定翼飞机在进行优化设计时需兼顾各种飞行条件,寻求一个折中的最优解,而变弯度机翼的概念能有效解决这个问题,符合上述飞机设计的三大追求。着重研究大型宽体客机后缘襟翼刚性变弯度对巡航气动效率及跨声速抖振边界的影响。首先基于下垂式铰链襟翼机构,编制了机构引导下带扰流板联合偏转的后缘襟翼运动仿真程序,以自动生成不同襟翼偏角的巡航构型。在此基础上对巡航构型进行非稳态气动计算,获得跨声速区机翼抖振边界。以该抖振边界作为约束条件,以襟翼偏角、迎角为双变量,获得Cl-K关系图,得到最优升阻比曲线。本文中襟翼偏角变化为0°~±3°,间隔1°;迎角范围为-2°~5°,间隔1°。计算结果表明,变弯度构型较不变弯度构型升阻比有所提高,抖振边界约提高10%;变弯度构型可提高不同设计点的气动效率,实现减阻省油;跨声速区机翼抖振边界的提高扩大了飞行包线,使得飞机能飞得更高、更快。     

质量矩导弹固定时间二阶滑模控制方法

针对三轴稳定的双滑块质量矩导弹,基于动态系统零点配置原理提出一种快速固定时间二阶滑模控制方法。首先建立具有完整耦合动力学特征的质量矩导弹姿态动力学模型;其次,基于典型动态系统进行零点配置原理分析和收敛时间估计;在此基础上,提出动态过程可调节的固定时间二阶滑模控制方法,并对系统收敛时间的上界进行估计;最后,针对质量矩导弹的仿真校验了设计方法的有效性。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

基于鲁棒变结构控制方法的非线性导弹自动驾驶仪设计

对一类非线性不确定导弹控制系统,采用自适应方法进行了基于滑模理论的变结构控制器设计。该方案使得采用反演手段产生的微分爆炸问题得到较好的回避,同时构造自适应律,消除了不确定性对系统的影响,最后通过构造Lyapunov函数方法,确保了系统的鲁棒稳定性。文末仿真结果表明了该方案的有效性。