基于多层次特征的高分影像海岸带地物分类

针对高分辨率影像地物光谱丰富复杂的问题，文章提出了一种结合像元-对象-空间格局特征的水域、盐田等海岸带精细地物分类方法。首先基于像元和空间格局特征分别利用遗传算法优化随机森林参数进行分类；其次将两种分类结果采用D-S证据理论融合；然后基于不同地物斑块的空间上下文信息，采用粒子群算法优化支持向量机（Support Vector Machine，SVM）参数实现面向对象的二次分类。为验证方法的有效性，收集山东省莱州湾海岸带附近区域的“高分二号”卫星影像，开展了水域及水利设施用地、盐田、工矿用地、交通运输用地、住宅用地、沿海滩涂、海域与耕地8类地物的分类实验，总体精度达到97.21%，Kappa系数为0.964 2。实验结果表明，文章提出的高分影像海岸带地物分类方法兼顾像元、对象及空间格局特征优点，能够实现多层次细致分类，并同时兼具较短的训练时长与较高的分类精度。该研究成果可为中国海岸带生态环境监测与土地利用规划提供一定技术支撑。     

Precise orbit determination and baseline consistency assessment for Swarm constellation

Precise orbit determination (POD) and precise baseline determination (PBD) of Swarm satellites with 4 years of data are investigated. Ambiguity resolution (AR) plays a crucial role in achieving the best orbit accuracy. Swarm POD and PBD based on single difference (SD) AR and traditional double difference (DD) AR methods are explored separately. Swarm antenna phase center variation (PCV) corrections are developed to further improve the orbit determination accuracy. The code multipath of C1C, C1W and C2W observations is first evaluated and clear variations in code noise related to different receiver settings are observed. Carrier phase residuals of different time periods and different loop tracking settings of receiver are studied to explore the effect of ionospheric scintillation on POD. The reduction of residuals in the polar and geomagnetic equator regions confirms the positive impact of the updated carrier tracking loops (TLs) on POD performance. The SD AR orbits and orbits with float ambiguity (FA) are compared with the Swarm precise science orbits (PSOs). An average improvement of 27 %, 4 % and 16 % is gained in along-track, cross-track and radial directions by fixing the ambiguity to integer. For Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C formations, specific days are selected to perform the DD AR-based POD during which the average distance of the formation satellites is less than 5000 km. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations are employed to validate the performance of FA, SD AR and DD AR orbits. The consistency between the SD AR orbits and SLR data is at a level of 10 mm which shows an improvement of 25 % when comparing with the FA results. An SLR residuals reduction of 15 % is also achieved by the DD AR solution for the selected days. Precise relative navigation is also an essential aspect for spacecraft formation flying missions. The closure error method is proposed to evaluate the baseline precision in three dimensions. A baseline precision of 1–3 mm for Swarm-A/C formation and 3–5 mm for Swarm-A/B and Swarm-B/C satellite pairs is verified by both the consistency check and closure error method.     

Ti/CFRP超混杂层板的研究与应用展望

Ti/CFRP超混杂层板具有高比强度、高损伤容限及优异的疲劳性能,是航空航天领域的重要选材对象之一。界面性能决定了层板综合力学性能的好坏,是Ti/CFRP层板目前的研究热点。首先综述了钛和钛合金不同表面处理工艺;然后介绍了Ti/CFRP层板力学性能试验及理论预报的研究现状;最后通过分析Ti/CFRP层板航空航天领域的现有应用情况,展望了Ti/CFRP层板未来潜在的应用方向。     

Assessing the performance of BDS-3 for multi-GNSS static and kinematic PPP-AR

As of 2021, a total of four different GNSS constellations – namely, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BDS-3 – can be used with Full Operational Capability (FOC). In this work, the contribution of BDS-3 FOC to GPS + GLONASS + Galileo (GRE) PPP-AR is investigated, considering the three different cut-off angles (7°, 30°, and 45°) and different lengths of static observation sessions (24-, 12-, 6-, 3-, 1-, 0.5-, 0.25-hour). The data of 31 IGS-MGEX stations is processed with GRE PPP-AR and GREC3 (GPS + GLONASS (using float mode) + Galileo + BDS-3) PPP-AR modes. The results showed that BDS-3 degraded the horizontal (except for 24-h sessions) and vertical accuracy of static GRE PPP-AR solutions regardless of the elevation cutoff angle and observation time. The kinematic results showed that BDS-3 significantly contributed to the accuracy of GRE kinematic PPP-AR for 30° and 45° cutoff angles. The convergence time analysis showed that BDS-3 only contributes to GRE kinematic PPP-AR for the vertical component.     

天基海表精细探测微波载荷性能分析与展望

海表精细探测是海洋卫星未来发展的重要方向。介绍卫星海表参数探测的特点与优势，总结海表温度、海表高度、海表盐度等要素，分析天基探测载荷的发展现状。根据海表参数时空变化特性，分析高时空分辨率微波探测载荷性能需求。在此基础上，针对美国和欧洲相关卫星系统发展计划，分析了高时空分辨率、高精度天基微波探测载荷可实现性与未来发展趋势，针对海表精细探测天基微波载荷的发展提出了建议。     

超低空反导中的多径效应仿真

为得到超低空背景下目标特性参数对脉冲雷达导引头目标检测的影响,根据导引头和目标的空间几何关系,推导了波程差、多普勒频移、相位差的表达式,并结合比例导引法建立多径效应仿真模型。针对目标飞行参数进行仿真,并结合仿真结果对参数的影响效果进行了分析,为导引头末制导段的弹道规划与有效地规避多径效应提供参考依据。     

大气环境监测卫星激光雷达技术

星载激光雷达是高精度测量全球大气CO2柱浓度和气溶胶垂直廓线的重要手段，大气环境监测卫星大气探测激光雷达(ACDL)在一套激光雷达中集成了2种探测体制，采用1 572 nm积分路径激光差分吸收方法测量全球CO2柱浓度，采用532 nm高光谱探测(HSRL)方法测量气溶胶和云的垂直廓线，均为国际首次在星载平台成功验证，是国际首个星载CO2探测激光雷达和国际首个高光谱气溶胶探测激光雷达。在国际已发射的星载激光雷达中，ACDL激光雷达是探测体制最全、波长最多、能量最高、频率最稳和精度最准的激光雷达，实现了创新跨越。大气探测激光雷达在轨连续工作，首次获得了全天时精度优于1 ppm的全球CO2柱浓度、精度优于20%的气溶胶廓线等遥感数据。本文介绍了ACDL激光雷达的工作原理、系统参数以及相关的定标测试结果。