基于球堆叠的月壤蓄热器传热特性数值研究

月壤蓄热是月球原位资源利用的一种重要方式，也是解决未来月球基地能源需求的最具潜力的途径之一。针对月壤蓄热过程，建立了基于球形堆叠的月壤蓄热器多孔介质蓄热模型。蓄热器的壳体采用登月舱下降级的燃料罐，流体传热介质采用氦气。通过数值模拟的方法研究了不同流动压降下月壤蓄热球堆叠方式、球直径对蓄热器传热过程的影响规律和机理，并分析了蓄热动态过程。研究结果表明，月壤蓄热球在简单立方体均匀堆叠（SC）和面中心立方体均匀堆叠(FCC)两种方式下，SC堆叠方式的综合蓄热指数比FCC模式可提高302%；同时还发现月壤蓄热球的直径存在最优值，可使得蓄热器在单位泵功下获得最大的蓄热量，并且该最佳值随着流体进出口压差增加而减小。该研究可为未来月壤蓄热器的设计和优化提供理论指导。     

专用测试装备计量特性的分析方法

为解决专用测试装备计量特性的分析评定难题，提高装备量值溯源的有效性，从装备使用者视角出发，以测试能力为基点，应用系统分析法，形成了包括方法思路、识别范围、“可计量”原则、分析步骤和结果表达等内容的计量特性分析方法。最后，以炮口冲击波测试系统为例，对该分析方法的应用进行了验证。结果表明：该方法简单易行，既可以为在役装备重新评定计量特性提供支持，也可以为新建（或在研）装备论证提供参考。     

喷雾液滴撞击液膜影响参数及流动机理分析

液滴撞击壁面是喷雾冷却中最常见的现象。使用计算流体力学软件中的Volume of Fluid （VOF）模型对液滴撞击壁面过程进行了数值模拟研究，研究了不同参数的液滴撞击壁面液膜过程的水花形态特点，针对水花高度和直径等参数进行了分析，通过运动间断理论和无量纲参数Re和We的变化分析了不同参数对液膜的流动特征和水花形态的影响及水花产生机理。结果表明：大液滴撞击液膜时能够改善液膜的流动状态；过大的液滴速度会产生大量飞溅及表面干涸；液滴撞击薄液膜时，液膜的流动性较好，当0.6<h*<1.2时，液膜的流动性不随液膜厚度改变。     

螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响

为了找到一种改善低平尾涡桨飞机中小迎角下纵向静稳定度的方法，采用数值模拟手段研究了螺旋桨旋转方向对飞机俯仰力矩特性的影响。基于动态面搭接网格技术和非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程，首先对某T尾双发涡桨飞机进行了计算，验证了方法的精度和可靠性，然后对同向旋转（CO）、对转-内侧上洗（CNIU）和对转-外侧上洗（CNOU）3种低平尾涡桨飞机构型开展了数值模拟，分析了各构型的俯仰力矩变化特点及流场细节。研究结果表明：对于常见的CO构型，在小迎角下由于平尾整体效率降低，飞机的俯仰力矩曲线斜率较无动力构型大幅度下降；在小迎角下，CO构型左侧平尾的效率几乎丧失，但右侧平尾却具有良好的效率；CO构型左右两侧平尾的效率呈现巨大差异的主要原因在于两侧平尾当地的下洗梯度不同；3个构型中，CNOU构型的俯仰力矩特性最差，CNIU构型在整个中小迎角范围内都能保持良好的俯仰力矩特性。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of a pressurized system used in flight vehicle

For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator, a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working period shows that the general trends and magnitudes of simulation curves are in agreement with experimental measured curves. As the key component in the pressurized system, the regulator is studied by a series of numerical simulations to reveal the influences of various structure parameters on its stability. Furthermore, the variable ranges which can guarantee the stability of regulator and system are obtained to provide guidance for design. The modeling and analysis approach can be applied to other systems and components.     

Investigation into the transient flow characteristics of noble gas propellants using the pulsed inductive discharge in electric propulsion

The Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) has the advantages of repeatable startup, no corruption and in-situ propellant feed. To study the flow expansion and circuit characteristics of PITs, the circuit-fluid model is developed, and the high temperature thermodynamic and transport models are combined with the circuit-fluid model to predict the critical plasma parameters. The flow fields of initial mass of 2–8 mg and charge voltages of 10–14 kV are simulated. Comparison of the flow fields of argon and helium propellants suggests that, the flow field structures are similar. Slight differences exist on the magnitude of the density and magnetic field, caused by larger velocity in lighter atom case and difference on the ionization gap between adjacent ionization levels. Analysis of the circuit characteristics by the two-dimensional results indicates that the ratio of coil inductance to circuit inductance affects both the rise rate and phase of the plasma current, the larger the ratio, the greater the rise rate and the better the following characteristic. The calculations show that the magnetic energy obtained within the decoupling distance determines the overall performance the thruster can be obtained; self-induced field maintained by the thermal motion after the main pulse leads to the long attenuation process and difference on the total impulse when the angle of conical pylon is varied under constant coil dimension.     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

质量特性对航天器火工冲击传递影响仿真分析

航天器火工冲击环境复杂，冲击载荷的瞬态、高度非线性等特点，使得冲击响应的准确预示具有一定难度。卫星舱板上分布大量单机设备，其质量特性成为影响火工冲击传递的关键因素。根据火工冲击传递机理，建立了卫星舱板与单机设备的冲击有限元简化模型，计算了舱板上的火工冲击响应。通过与试验数据的对比，误差控制在±35dB内，验证了有限元建模的合理性。以此为基础，研究了火工冲击传递特性，为火工冲击响应预示及卫星舱板布局设计提供了参考。     

火箭/冲压组合发动机工作特性分析

为分析火箭/冲压组合发动机在不同工作模态下的工作特性,对其在没有二次补燃情况下的内流场进行了数值模拟和分析,结果表明:(1)在火箭引射模态,火箭发动机应尽可能工作在其设计状态;(2)为有利于掺混燃烧,在较低的高度、较高的速度下由引射模态转换到亚燃冲压模态可能比较好;(3)在亚燃冲压模态,火箭发动机以某种低工况工作对冲压发动机的点火和火焰稳定是极为有利的;(4)在纯火箭模态,进气道关闭与否对组合发动机的整体性能几乎没有影响;为了获得较高的性能,二次喷管应采用扩张通道。