多星对合作目标的分布式协同导航滤波算法

针对多颗在轨卫星对空间合作目标的协同导航问题,提出了一种适用于协同导航的分布式球面单形-径向容积求积分卡尔曼滤波（DSSRCQKF）算法。为了计算非线性滤波中的高斯加权积分,分别使用球面单形准则和二阶高斯-拉盖尔求积分准则计算球面积分和径向积分,提出了一种新的球面单形-径向容积求积分准则。将该准则嵌入分布式卡尔曼滤波框架中,结合协同导航的非线性数学模型,给出适用于协同导航的DSSRCQKF算法,该算法要求每颗导航星仅与其邻居星进行通信,通过数据的分布式融合实现对目标星轨道状态的一致估计,从而避免了传统集中式处理中较高的通信和计算压力。仿真实验结果表明,与分布式卡尔曼滤波相比,本文算法将对合作目标的实时定位精度提高了11 m,定速精度提高了0.02 m/s,从而验证了本文算法的有效性。      

电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象

文摘为研究电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象,选取了X型羰基铁粉吸收剂,采用同轴法测试了材料电磁参数,通过多次反射方法求解了X型吸波涂层在厚度为1/4波长时反射系数公式;另外,求解了不同厚度X-1型吸波涂层对频率为9.5 GHz平面电磁波反射系数公式,取公式前6项计算了反射系数Γ_a和反射率R_a。结果表明,多次反射波之间产生了干涉行为,发生了干涉相消现象。Γ_a、R_a分别与传输线方法计算的Γ和R的值非常接近,表明Γ_a和R_a可以近似代表X-1型吸波涂层对9.5 GHz电磁波的反射系数和反射率。当X-1型吸波涂层厚度小于1.9 mm或在3.2～6.6 mm时,第二反射波对第一反射波起到干涉相长作用,降低吸波性能,表明优选的吸波涂层厚度应该介于1.9～3.2 mm。     

超导陀螺转子偏移建模与测试方案

根据球形差动电容传感器测量微位移的原理,针对八电极结构的超导陀螺仪分析了每对测量电极上悬浮转子偏移量与电容变化量间的关系.通过无量纲化和微位移范围内线性化处理及利用最小二乘算法,建立了转子偏移测量模型.给出了基于该模型的超导陀螺转子偏移测试方案及其各参数间的关系.分析了影响陀螺转子偏移测量精度的因素.超导陀螺转子偏移测试方案的特点是为保证悬浮转子的零电位而采用4对测试电极的电极分布法,能同时测量出转子偏移的大小和偏移方向.实验结果表明,差动电容传感器的分布电容、陀螺转子的零电位和模型误差等是影响测量精度的主要因素.提出了降低相应因素不良影响的方法及输出电压与转子偏移量呈线性关系模型的适应范围.     

粉末金属零件成形过程中出现损伤的数值模拟

使用基于Lee多孔材料屈服模型推导出的韧性损伤模型,对导向器类粉末金属零件成形过程中,在应力、应变、密度分布及其积累因素影响下,材料的损伤状态进行了数值模拟,在不同的加载状态下,压坯各点的损伤状况和破裂过程进行了跟踪,实验证实模拟结果具有较高的精度。     

A novel method of utilizing static mixer to obtain mixing homogeneity of multi-species powders in laser metal deposition

Real-time mixing of multi-species powder challenges Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). The current work proposes a novel method of using a static mixer to realize rapid, uniform multi-species powder mixing. Firstly, copper powder and 316L stainless steel powder are selected to complete the powder mixing observation experiment with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Secondly, computational fluid dynamics and particle mixing simulation models are used to analyze the flow field and particle motion characteristics in the static mixer. Finally, LMD experiment and metallographic observation are carried out with 316L stainless steel powder and WC powder to verify the feasibility of the static mixer. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for powder mixing in laser processing with a static mixer. The conclusions can also be applied to other processing fields requiring real-time and uniform mixing of multi-species powders.     

SHAKING: Adjusted spherical harmonics adding KrigING method for near real-time ionospheric modeling with multi-GNSS observations

Precise positioning based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technique requires high accuracy ionospheric total electron content (TEC) correction models to account for the ionospheric path delay errors. We present an adjusted Spherical Harmonics Adding KrigING method (SHAKING) approach for regional ionospheric vertical TEC (VTEC) modeling in real time. In the proposed SHAKING method, the VTEC information over the sparse observation data area is extrapolated by the Adjusted Spherical Harmonic (ASH) function, and the boundary distortion in regional VTEC modeling is corrected by the stochastic VTEC estimated using Kriging interpolation. Using real-time GPS, GLONASS and BDS-2/3 data streams of the Crust Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), the SHAKING-based regional ionospheric VTEC maps are re-constructed over China and its boundary regions. Compared to GNSS VTECs derived from the independent stations, the quality of SHAKING solution improves by 13–31% and 6–33% with respect to the ASH-only solution during high and low geomagnetic periods, respectively. Compared to the inverse distance weighting (IDW) generated result, significant quality improved of SHAKING-based VTEC maps is also observed, especially over the edge areas with an improvement of 60–80%. Overall, the proposed SHAKING method exhibits notable advantage over the existing regional VTEC modeling techniques, which can be used for regional TEC modeling and associated high-precision positioning applications.     

Promotional effect of silica on the combustion of nano-sized aluminum powder in carbon dioxide

This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by a high-temperature tube furnace. An s-type thermocouple and a high-speed motion acquisition instrument were performed to evaluate the ignition temperature, maximum combustion temperature, maximum change of rate of temperature, and combustion propagation speed. The combustion effici...     

黑火药在真空环境下点火性能试验研究

黑火药作为固体火箭发动机中常用的点火药，是决定其工作性能的关键因素。为了研究黑火药在真空环境下的点火性能，通过真空点火试验，测试了不同点火结构、不同黑火药质量下的点火压力曲线和羽流现象，并与常压点火试验结果对比，分析了不同工况下黑火药点火性能的优劣。结果表明：真空环境下增加黑火药质量可以提高点火压强峰值，与常压条件相比提升幅度较小；与常压试验对比，真空下前端点火和尾部点火产生的压强峰值都会下降2MPa左右；不同黑火药质量的常压或真空点火试验中，前端点火试验样机到达压强峰值的时间都近似为5ms，而尾部点火试验样机到达峰值的时间不同；在真空点火试验中，羽流扩张角会在一段时间内变大或变小，即出现明显的黑火药不稳定燃烧现象，试验结束后有较多未燃烧完全的黑火药残留在发动机周围，而在常压点火试验中，这些未燃烧完全的黑火药颗粒会在空气中二次燃烧，黑火药残留较少。