基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

一种新颖的快速DOA估计算法

一次快拍空间FFT法运算量小,但抗噪声性能较差,易形成伪峰;多次平滑FFT法充分利用阵列多次快拍的所有数据,具有较好的抗噪声性能,抑制了伪峰的形成,但运算量较大。提出了自相关阵平滑空间FFT算法,其性能优于现有的自相关阵单列FFT,与多次平滑FFT法相当且易于实现,运算量较小。理论分析与仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

微振动对干涉仪运动机构均匀性的影响分析

外界振动对双角镜摆臂式傅里叶变换干涉仪（下简称干涉仪）运动机构速度均匀性的影响,可以通过干涉仪光程差速度稳定度来定量分析。文章针对空间光谱探测过程中,在轨微振动影响下的干涉仪运动机构可靠性问题,提出了一种更全面的光程差速度均匀性分析方法。该方法将外界激励引起的干涉仪结构响应作为一项影响因素纳入到稳定性的分析中,从而能够更真实地反映干涉仪在轨工作的可靠性,更准确地判断干涉仪能够承受的微振动临界。文章论述的方法为外界激励扰动下机构运动可靠性的判断以及机构控制优化的研究提供了一种思路。     

镜像综合孔径微波辐射成像原理验证实验研究

为验证镜像综合孔径微波辐射成像的原理,设计了V波段镜像综合孔径辐射成像原理实验系统(MAS-V),介绍了系统组成及原理并进行了电暖器辐射成像及空间分辨率实验,电暖器热辐射部分清晰可见,且轮廓与光学图像结果一致。实验结果表明:镜像综合孔径微波辐射成像的原理正确。对于相同的天线阵列,镜像综合孔径的空间分辨率优于常规综合孔径,约为其2倍。若增大反射板与天线阵列的距离,镜像综合孔径的空间分辨率将进一步提高。研究结果为镜像综合孔径微波辐射成像方法应用于静止轨道大气遥感提供了参考。     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的空间目标双星定位方法

利用双星对空间目标的观测角进行目标定位,可以很好地避免地基探测系统探测弧段短的缺点。研究了基于动力学滤波的双星定位方法,介绍了无迹卡尔曼滤波的基本原理,建立了考虑地球非球形J2项引力摄动的空间目标动力学方程和基于无偏量测转换的双星观测方程。通过仿真比较两种滤波方法在相同条件下对目标的定位误差,可知无迹卡尔曼滤波方法在收敛速度和定位精度上均优于扩展卡尔曼滤波方法。     

平稳色噪声背景下相干信源DOA估计的新算法

提出一种基于对称均匀线阵的波达方向(DOA)估计新方法.该算法在未知噪声协方差矩阵为复对称Toeplitz结构的情况下,利用空间差分方法和相干信源信息Toeplitz矩阵重构相结合,来处理同时存在相干、非相干信源的情况.该算法在提高阵列的信源过载能力的同时,可明显减小运算量.计算机仿真结果证明了算法的有效性和正确性.     

An annual variation analysis of the ionospheric spatial gradient over a regional area for GNSS applications

An ionospheric spatial gradient represents the ionosphere delay difference between different locations, and its variation over a specific area is important for implementing differential GNSS systems. An estimation method for the ionospheric spatial gradient over a small regional area is proposed. A plate map model is implemented for the direct estimation of the gradients. Nine years of GPS data were processed to figure out the annual variation of the mean gradient at the mid-geomagnetic latitude of 30° N. Gradients along the north–south direction have a mean of 0.65 mm/km and follow solar-cycle variations.     

Heading south with a north-up map: A choice processing analysis of map alignment effects

This study employed an information accumulation model of choice reaction times to investigate alignment effects in mental representations of maps. University students studied a map from a single orientation (with north at the top). In a subsequent two-choice reaction time task, the students’ spatial knowledge of the map was assessed employing spatial left/right judgments, which were made from imagined perspectives that were either north-aligned or south-aligned. Data showed a standard alignment effect, favoring north- over south-aligned trials. To examine the locus of this effect, data were fit using the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA) model of speeded decisions (Brown & Heathcote, 2008). Of interest were three model parameters: drift rate, the speed at which evidence accumulates toward a response; response threshold, the amount of evidence demanded from the decision maker before selecting a response; and non-decision time, the time consumed by pre- and postdecisional processes. The best-fitting model suggested that non-decision time accounted for the alignment effect. The difference in non-decision time between north and south-aligned judgments suggests a mental alignment stage on south-aligned trials, accounting for the longer reaction times for judgements misaligned with the presented north orientation of the map.     

Spatial memory exclusivity: Examining performance of multiple object-location memories

Research on location memory suggests that integration of separate sources of information does not occur when recalling the position of a common target object. In a relatively simple task, previous research shows no observable benefit from holding two spatial memories compared to one. It has been suggested that exclusively utilizing only one of two memories may account for this finding. The current research tests the robustness of this idea as well as an alternative in the form of an averaging approach to combining spatial information. The results suggest that exclusivity may not be the best account for performance of multiple object-location memories. Rather, memories may well combine in a manner similar to averaging, where information is available for each memory but combined in a nonbeneficial way.     

Investigating behavioural and computational approaches for defining imprecise regions

People often communicate with reference to informally agreed places, such as “the city centre”. However, views of the spatial extent of such areas may vary, resulting in imprecise regions. We compare perceptions of Sheffield’s City Centre from a street survey to extents derived from various web-based sources. Such automated approaches have advantages of speed, cost and repeatability. We show that footprints from web sources are often in concordance with models derived from more labour-intensive methods. Notable exceptions however were found with sources advertising or selling residential property. Agreement between sources was measured by aggregating them to identify locations of consensus.