Development of Landmark Knowledge at Decision Points

Two experiments investigated how people develop different landmark knowledge at decision points. Participants learned a route in a virtual city once or five times. One distinctive landmark was placed at each intersection of the route. At test, participants were released at each intersection according to the learning order and were required to determine the turning direction. At each intersection, the landmark was removed (no landmark), correctly placed (one landmark), duplicated on the other side (two identical landmarks), or misplaced from another intersection (two different landmarks) to disrupt the landmark sequence. The results suggested that humans develop different landmark knowledge (landmark knowledge for guidance, landmark knowledge for place recognition and knowledge of landmark sequence) with different navigation experience.     

Is Memory for Routes Enhanced by an Environment's Richness in Visual Landmarks?

We tested the hypothesis that a route's memorability is dependent on the frequency with which people are exposed to visual landmarks. Undergraduates learned either a route through an urban area lacking visually salient features, or a route in a neighborhood with many shops and urban objects. They were then asked to recall the learned route in the form of route directions and sketch maps. The results showed higher recall performance for the richer environment. When presented with photographs depicting scenes along the route, participants exposed to the richer environment had higher recognition scores and shorter response times than the others. The data confirm the functional role of landmarks in route memory and wayfinding.     

The Influence of Geometrical and Nongeometrical Features on the Use of the Lexical Concepts NEAR and FAR in English and Finnish

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of geometrical and nongeometrical features on the use of the lexical concepts NEAR and FAR in English and Finnish. Participants' acceptability ratings for these concepts demonstrate that a bar in between a Figure and a Ground acts as a scale-setting object but not as a distance enhancing barrier, shows that the influence of the geometrical feature Figure–Ground distance exceeds the influence of several nongeometrical features, but most of all reveals that language specific lexical properties associated with NEAR and FAR predict language dependent effects for functional relatedness in interaction with Figure–Ground distance and bar presence.     

一种有效支持空间分析的空间数据组织

Ｒｅａｌｍｓ是一种用于描述空间平面的数学模型。它提出了一种所有空间对象共享一个共同的空间元素集合的思想以及一种空间元素的排序规则。这些特点使得二维空间能够线性化为一维有序的元素集合，将二维空间问题转化为一维线性问题，从而使得基于Ｒｅａｌｍｓ的空间数据组织能有效地支持平面扫描算法。通过对空间对象的简单扫描，能够实现多数空间分析算法。以Ｒｅａｌｍｓ为基础实现空间数据管理系统能取得较高的效率，并且降低了     

“资源三号”卫星正视影像区域网平差

目前卫星影像的区域网平差技术已经有了初步的发展,但大多数研究都基于国际高分辨率卫星影像,针对大区域范围内的中国卫星影像的快速平差还鲜有提及。文章以“资源三号”卫星正视影像为数据源,配合高分辨率的控制点影像和数字高程模型（DEM）数据,基于RPC（rational polynomial coefficients）模型参数精确解算和一种新的控制点选取策略对大区域范围内仅使用少量控制点的区域网平差进行了研究与试验。在试验过程中,文章采用地形坡度统计的方法来快速获取多景影像中控制点的优先选取区域,缩小控制点选取范围。除此之外,文章还通过添加选取相对较为容易的连接点替代部分控制点来保证影像平差精度。结果表明：采用文中方法能大量减少控制点选取难度并有效提高中国遥感影像的几何定位精度,真正实现数字正射影像（DOM）产品的快速生产。     

基于地面任务-空间姿态映射的敏捷卫星任务规划

面向观测时间窗口相互重叠的多点目标观测任务需求,对敏捷卫星单星单轨任务规划问题进行研究。针对传统方法在卫星机动能力受限和成像任务冗余两种情况下求解效率低的缺陷,引入任务-姿态协同规划思想。首先,建立地面任务和空间姿态映射关系,并考虑相邻任务间姿态机动时间的最优性使得卫星在观测相邻任务时无多余等待时间,以此来设计任务-姿态协同规划数学模型。其次,根据任务-姿态协同规划数学模型,设计自适应伪谱遗传算法（APGA）,用以求解满足调整时间最优性的敏捷卫星任务规划问题。最后,通过仿真实验,验证了模型和算法能够有效地解决传统算法求解敏捷卫星任务规划问题时存在的求解效率低的缺陷。     

科学发展观与和谐劳资关系的构建

构建和谐劳资关系必须坚持以科学发展观所倡导的“以人为本、可持续发展和统筹兼顾”作为指导思想,需要资本所有者与经营者、劳动者、政府三方的共同努力。资本所有者与经营者要充分意识到劳动和劳动力持续供给的重要性,在追求自身全面发展的同时,充分重视劳动者的各项权益,使劳动者不仅忠于职守而且在感情上与企业融为一体,通过劳资双方的合作共同为社会创造更多的物质财富。劳动者在维护企业发展大局的同时,要通过参加培训等各种方式不断提高自身的素质和在谈判中的竞争能力,并借助工会组织的力量,通过集体谈判等方式积极主动地维护自身的权益。国家要坚持统筹兼顾的原则,既不能为了维护劳动者的权益而消灭资本,也不能为了鼓励资本的发展而漠视劳动者的权益,而是通过制度建设、通过德治与法治的治国方略等来维护劳资双方的权益,化解劳资双方的矛盾和冲突。     

成分数据的空间自回归模型

针对已有成分数据线性回归模型对研究对象相互独立的严格要求,提出了含有成分数据和普通数据的空间自回归模型,在此基础上提出了成分数据空间自回归模型的估计方法。新模型结合了空间自回归模型处理因变量之间相互依赖的优势,可同时处理成分数据和普通数据。通过利用等距对数比（ilr）变换将成分数据解约束,得到了新模型的参数估计量。蒙特卡罗模拟实验验证了所提估计方法的有效性。