基于Chebyshev正交分解的曲线运动轨迹SAR的Chirp Scaling算法

针对具有三维速度和加速度的曲线运动轨迹合成孔径雷达（SAR）,传统的斜距模型无法精确描述其运动特性,曲线历程增加了距离走动现象和方位向时间的高次项,使二维耦合现象更为复杂。本文提出了一种考虑载体平台三维速度和加速度的Chirp Scaling算法以解决曲线运动轨迹SAR成像问题。首先根据运动方程建立斜距表达式,然后对其进行Chebyshev近似,并构造其等效双曲方程形式的斜距模型,推导了具有空变性的距离徙动函数,Chirp Scaling因子以及适用于曲线轨迹的Chirp Scaling成像算法。仿真结果证实了此扩展的等效斜距模型和Chirp Scaling算法在大合成孔径时间下的有效性,并给出了三维加速度的边界值。     

基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心快速提取

在全极化逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)体制下,二维相干极化几何绕射(CP-GTD)模型能够精确描述雷达目标高频电磁极化散射特性。针对CP-GTD模型,提出了一种基于空域滤波的二维全极化散射中心参数快速提取方法。该方法利用空域滤波将二维全极化散射中心参数提取问题分解为多个一维全极化散射中心提取问题,进而利用一维旋转不变技术(1D-ESPRIT)分步对全极化散射中心各维参数进行联合估计,最后利用最小二乘方法获得相干极化散射矩阵的估计。此外,采用这样的分步估计过程,可以实现二维参数的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真实验表明:该方法不仅能够显著降低运算量,并且还能获得较好的估计精度,可以有效地用于目标全极化散射中心提取。     

Three dimensional spatial memory and learning in real and virtual environments

Human orientation and spatial cognition partlydepends on our ability to remember sets ofvisual landmarks and imagine their relationshipto us from a different viewpoint. We normallymake large body rotations only about a singleaxis which is aligned with gravity. However,astronauts who try to recognize environmentsrotated in 3 dimensions report that theirterrestrial ability to imagine the relativeorientation of remembered landmarks does noteasily generalize. The ability of humansubjects to learn to mentally rotate a simplearray of six objects around them was studied in1-G laboratory experiments. Subjects weretested in a cubic chamber (n = 73) and aequivalent virtual environment (n = 24),analogous to the interior of a space stationnode module. A picture of an object waspresented at the center of each wall. Subjectshad to memorize the spatial relationships amongthe six objects and learn to predict thedirection to a specific object if their bodywere in a specified 3D orientation. Percentcorrect learning curves and response times weremeasured. Most subjects achieved high accuracyfrom a given viewpoint within 20 trials,regardless of roll orientation, and learned asecond view direction with equal or greaterease. Performance of the subject group thatused a head mounted display/head tracker wasqualitatively similar to that of the secondgroup tested in a physical node simulator. Body position with respect to gravity had asignificant but minor effect on performance ofeach group, suggesting that results may alsoapply to weightless situations. A correlationwas found between task performance measures andconventional paper-and-pencil tests of fieldindependence and 2&3 dimensional figurerotation ability.     

真实感DVE时空一致性技术

传统的一致性解决方案大多将重点放在构建完全一致性模型,缺少对虚拟环境本身运动规律的分析.从认知虚拟环境客观规律出发,提出基于真实感的一致性模型,遵从以人为本的原则,构建描述分布式虚拟环境下时空一致的数学模型,判断虚拟环境下的节点是否达到时空一致,并加以验证.在充分利用一致性模型的基础上通过单向数据传输减少时间扭曲后的回滚节点数目,增强用户沉浸感;利用时延神经网络对大于传输延迟上限的节点状态进行预测;完成节点的状态修复,从而保证时空同步一致.经过独立实验测试,验证了模型的有效性以及解决方法的可行性.     

基于多台站观测的中国区域地磁指数

利用中国14个地磁台站和全球23个地磁台站的H分量分钟值数据,分析单台站小时幅度指数r_H的时空分布特征,在此基础上结合台站之间r_H指数的相似度度量(残差指数Ra),采用K均值聚类算法将中国14个地磁台站划分为7个区域,根据加权法计算各区域的区域指数Rr.结果表明,r_H指数具有27天太阳自转周变化,季节变化不显著,但仍存在春秋季大而冬夏季小的特征;在空间变化上,r_H随纬度的增高而增大,并且在磁暴期间r_H指数的幅值和形态均表现出明显的经度差异,随地方时呈现晨-昏不对称现象;与Dst指数、SYM-H指数、Kp指数及各区域内台站的H分量观测数据对比分析发现,区域指数Rr能有效反映区域地磁扰动.     

基于FDA-MIMO的距离欺骗干扰鉴别方法

提出了一种基于频率分集阵列多输入多输出(FDA-MIMO)的距离欺骗干扰鉴别方法。FDA-MIMO中,目标回波在阵元间产生的相位差及空间角频率与距离、角度呈线性关系,而假目标不满足该关系。本文对目标回波和多类假目标在FDA-MIMO接收端的相位差、空间角频率进行了理论推导,详细分析了上下变频、匹配滤波、信号混合、移频等因素的影响,给出了假目标鉴别的具体流程。理论分析及仿真结果表明,该方法能准确提取混合信号的相位差及空间角频率信息,有效对抗多种类型的转发式欺骗干扰。     

基于共形几何代数的空间并联机构位置正解

将共形几何代数(CGA)引入空间并联机构位置正解中,提出了一种空间3-RPS并联机构位置正解新算法。以任意一条支链轴线与静平台平面的夹角为待求变量,基于点的CGA表达方法建立了该支链与动平台连接的铰接点关于待求变量的数学表达式;通过2次构造2个空间球和1个平面的外积,分别获得动平台其余2个铰接点的点对;利用距离公式,只需简单的平方运算可直接推导出该问题关于待求变量的一元16次输入输出方程,进而获得了该机构的全部16组解析解,无增无漏。该方法没有繁琐的坐标变换和矩阵计算,以及复杂的多元高次非线性方程组消元求解。通过数字实例计算表明,求解过程较清晰地揭示出机构运动的几何特点,几何直观性好。     

旋翼诱导速度空间分布的一种计算方法

采用无限片桨叶的固定尾迹分析法,建立了前飞状态下固定涡系对空间一点诱导速度的数学模型,用Fourier级数表示诱导速度和环量沿方位角的变化,积分得到了含有三类完全椭圆积分的诱导速度各谐波系数解析表达式.该表达式可在给定环量分布的情况下求解桨盘内和桨盘外空间一点的诱导速度分布.基于固定尾迹理论,提出一种在前飞状态下计算旋翼环量分布的数值方法,该方法根据叶素理论、儒可夫斯基公式和挥舞运动方程推导了环量方程,将理想的无限个斜向涡柱离散成有限个斜向涡柱.通过求解有限个斜向涡柱的谐波系数得到旋翼在前飞下环量、诱导速度、挥舞系数的相容解.通过理论和对算例的计算分析,本文方法对计算旋翼平面外的诱导速度以及多旋翼系统具有工程应用价值.     

Is Route Learning More Than Serial Learning?

Abstract

The nature of route learning in terms of the memorizing of landmarks was investigated. In Experiment 1, participants memorized landmarks while being guided through a computer-simulated hallway (dynamic, with spatial context), or while viewing the landmarks one by one in front of a black background (static, without context). Two more conditions completed the 2 × 2 design. One condition preserved the dynamic landmark viewing properties (observers approached each object, passed it, turned to the next object, and so on), but the background was black (dynamic, without context). In the other condition the observer saw a stationary display of each object within a hallway, but did not approach the object (static, with context). Serial recall was much better after viewing the landmarks in the dynamic presentation format with spatial context than in the other conditions. Experiment 2 showed that the superior performance in the dynamic condition with context was abolished when all hallway segments were equally long. This implies that metric information is a component of route knowledge at a very early stage, which is incompatible with the dominant framework, but is compatible with the alternative framework for spatial microgenesis.