Learning Routes from Visualizations for Indoor Wayfinding: Presentation Modes and Individual Differences

Abstract

Participants (N = 78) studied a visualization of a route through a complex building and walked that route in the real building without further assistance. Erroneous turns on the route as well as indicators of uncertainty such as hesitations were assessed. Three types of route visualizations were compared: (1) an allocentric, map-based visualization with the route indicated in floor maps, (2) an ordered sequence of pictures of decision points shown from the egocentric perspective, and (3) an animation showing a virtual walk of the route from the egocentric perspective. In addition to the experimental variation, gender differences, differences in visual-spatial abilities and differences in self-reported wayfinding strategies were considered as predictor variables. Wayfinding performance did not differ between allocentric (map) and egocentric (decision point pictures and animation) visualizations. However, wayfinding performance was better with animated than with static egocentric visualizations. Individual differences in the ability to encode visual-spatial information from the visualization played a critical role for route learning. Self-reported sense of direction related to egocentric wayfinding strategies also predicted wayfinding performance. Gender differences were attributable to differences in visual-spatial abilities and egocentric wayfinding strategies. Interactions between visualizations and individual differences were not found. It is concluded that animations of virtual walks are suitable to convey route information in complex buildings. Successful acquisition of route knowledge from maps is possible but might depend on the comprehensibility of the structure of the building.     

Spatial Metaphors of Web Use

When the web became popular, people had to develop ways to talk and think about it. In the mid-1990s, we analyzed spatial language in “web talk.” We found that people described pages as places, and search as motion, both passive and active motion. Here we investigate web talk nearly two decades later. Our analysis reveals that some spatial language has stayed the same, and some has changed. Of special interest is how far fewer motion verbs are used nowadays. We argue that people naturally produce spatial metaphors when talking about new technological domains, and that over time, the most useful elements persist.     

空间前方交会法及其在测试技术中的应用

分析了空间前方交会法的基本原理，建立了相关的理论模型，并在实验室的条件下严格测试了这种方法的测量精度；探讨了空间前方交会法在位置检测系统的测试过程中应用，详细地给出了测试的步骤以及测试数据的分析处理结果。     

基于稀疏空间谱估计的星载SAR DBF算法

针对星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统利用俯仰向数字波束形成(DBF)技术接收场景回波时受地形的影响,会出现波束指向偏差的问题,提出了基于稀疏空间谱估计的星载SAR数字波束形成方法。该方法将目标场景高程估计问题转换为波达方向估计问题,考虑到回波信号的稀疏性,进而等效为稀疏空间谱估计问题,然后利用凸优化方法求解得到目标波达方向。最后,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明该方法可以降低传统自适应方法受小样本和低信噪比影响的限制,实现复杂地形下的正确波束指向,保证回波信号的接收增益。     

介观尺度下纤维导热预测及实验研究

在材料内部气压低于100Pa时,玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维等芯材与泡沫类、粉末类芯材相比,其导热系数最小。为了研究纤维导热性能的影响因素,基于随机参数原理构造纤维的内部结构,结合格子波尔兹曼方法(LatticeBoltzmann method,LBM)分析了纤维直径、纤维长度及孔隙率对于导热系数的影响。然后将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,结论表明两者吻合性良好,证明本文所采用的方法可以有效地预测纤维导热系数。     

互质阵中空间谱估计研究进展

阵列信号处理技术是信号处理领域一个重要分支,广泛应用于雷达、声呐、水电天文等领域。空间谱估计是阵列信号处理中一个主要研究热点,为了避免角度模糊,要求阵元间距要小于等于载波波长的一半。互质阵突破半波长的限制,其阵元间距一般大于半波长。因此,互质阵能够在阵元数固定的情况下,获得更大的阵列孔径。互质阵空间谱估计算法可以利用互质特性辨识目标源,且能够获得更高的测向精度与分辨率。互质阵空间谱估计研究逐渐成为当今阵列信号处理领域的热点。本文总结了互质线阵与互质面阵下的空间谱估计的研究进展,分析了互质阵列相对于普通均匀阵列在阵列孔径扩展以及提高空间自由方面的优势。仿真结果展现了互质阵下高效的波达方向估计性能。     

Spatial updating and common misinterpretations of spatial reference frames

Spatial memory plays an important role in everyday life, and a large amount of research has been devoted to understanding spatial coding and reference frames across many areas. The popular research paradigms to study spatial reference frames include novel shortcut, perspective change, and landmark control tests. However, the growing research on spatial updating challenges the logical foundation of these classical paradigms, and suggests that the experimental findings using these paradigms have usually been misinterpreted. That is, performance in these tasks is generally unrelated to whether the spatial representations themselves are egocentric or allocentric. This article reviews the traditional paradigms and their logic, summarizes the theories of spatial updating, analyzes the logical flaws in these popular paradigms, and discusses their implications.     

无网格方法关于导数计算的程序验证

为了提高无网格方法对空间导数的数值计算能力,提出并论证了新的适用于直角坐标系、柱坐标系和球坐标系的空间导数无网格算法。基于数值解与理论解的对比分析,对数值误差和收敛性进行了后验评估。评估结果表明:该算法对函数和导数的估计均为2阶精度,支撑域尺度对数值误差的大小有一定影响,但不影响数值计算的精度等级。在离散尺度h为0.01的条件下,对所选函数及其导数的数值计算相对误差不大于0.65%。      

基于MTFC的遥感图像复原方法

遥感图像在成像过程中受到大气、光学系统、探测器、平台运动和电路等因素的影响,引起图像退化,图像复原算法可以改善遥感图像像质,提高图像信息的解译能力。文章介绍了调制传递函数补偿（modulation transfer function compensation,MTFC）算法的原理,从遥感成像的链路环节出发,分析了MTFC的原理,提出了一种星上实时遥感图像MTFC复原算法。通过卷积系数和抑噪参数的优化设计,在提高图像清晰度的同时能较好地抑制噪声;对不同卷积和抑噪参数的图像复原效果进行了对比,从主观和客观两个方面对复原图像进行了评价。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高图像像质,增强图像的高频部分,采用不同类型的卫星遥感图像验证了算法的适应性。