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71.
72.
Route generation and description using the notions of object's influence area and spatial conceptual map 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the GRAAD Project we aimed at creatinga system which could generate route directions thatare comparable to route directions created by humanparticipants. With this goal in mind, we started froma linguistic and cognitive study of route directionsproduced by people and the study of cognitive modelsof mental maps. We proposed a new qualitative spatialmodel that can support the spatial properties of humanroute directions. This model is based on the notion ofobject's influence area which is used to modelneighborhood, orientation and distance. The proposedapproach relies on the manipulation of spatialentities in a spatial conceptual map (SCM) which isthe computarized analog of a mental map used bypeople. We developped the GRAAD System, software thatgenerates routes in a SCM and describes them innatural language. Finally, we conducted an experimentin order to compare GRAAD's route directions androutes described by human participants in similarexperimental conditions. GRAAD's output was notdistinguishable from route directions created by humanparticipants. In this paper we present the mainresults obtained during all phases of the GRAADProject. 相似文献
73.
Michael Tlauka Paul N. Wilson Marc Adams Caren Souter Angela H. Young 《Spatial Cognition & Computation》2013,13(4):365-391
ABSTRACT In three experiments, after exploring a virtual environment (VE), adult participants made spatial judgments about the location of target objects that were higher and lower than their perceived test location within the VE. In Experiment 1, the locations of the target objects were inferred from verbal instructions. The main results were a tendency to judge objects as closer to the horizontal plane than their true locations, and more efficient downward than upward judgments. Both effects generally accord with findings reported by Wilson et al. (2004a, 2004b). In Experiments 2 and 3, which were closely modeled on the design of the Wilson et al. studies, regression to the horizontal plane was noted but no downward bias was observed. A misperception in the viewing height between the floors and ceilings of the virtual rooms was apparent in both experiments. The results from the present study together with earlier investigations suggest different hierarchical encoding of between-axis and within-axis information. 相似文献
74.
Judith Bek Mark Blades Michael Siegal Rosemary Varley 《Spatial Cognition & Computation》2013,13(1):26-49
Abstract Language has been proposed as a medium that serves to promote spatial orientation through integrating geometric and featural information (Spelke, 2003). This proposal has been explored in dual-task experiments where linguistic resources are blocked by verbal shadowing. Although some studies report disruption in using environmental cues for spatial reorientation, findings have not been consistently replicated, and the source of disruption to reorientation by verbal shadowing remains unclear. We examined conditions under which verbal shadowing affects reorientation. Shadowing of meaningful language disrupted healthy adults' use of geometric and featural information to reorient only when task instructions were unclear and when extraneous visual information provided a source of nonlinguistic interference. Reorientation was examined during the shadowing of meaningful prose or nonword syllables and was similar under both concurrent task conditions. These results indicate that language is not necessary for spatial cue integration. 相似文献
75.
李静楠 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2014,(2):45-48
随着传播信息所依赖的媒介不断改变,人类进入读图时代,开启了读屏模式。读屏模式下的网络文学实现了语图的和谐共存。透过屏幕,经典作品与大众文化进行了沟通,自由精神的信念得以深入人心。读屏模式下的网络文学的必由之路是由解构走向重建,为语图战争的消弭另辟蹊径。 相似文献
76.
According to the Category Adjustment (CA) model, spatial estimates (e.g., of location) involve Bayesian combination across multiple, hierarchical pieces information, each weighted by its relative certainty. Recent work, though, has shown that men and women differ in terms of their certainty regarding fine-grained and categorical information in location memory. Here we demonstrate that this reflects a more general sex difference in visuospatial processing by examining bias patterns in a line angle judgment task (JLAP-15). In addition, the data suggest that multiple, hierarchical levels of categorical information influenced spatial judgments. These results imply that the hierarchical combination outlined by the CA model extends beyond two levels, and that men and women apply differential weighting to these representations. 相似文献
77.
概括介绍可编程逻辑器件CPLD的主要特点、EDA软件平台和VHDL开发语言。介绍在EDA软件平台的支持下,采用VHDL语言开发以可编程逻辑器件CPLD为核心的现代数字系统设计方法和开发设计流程。 相似文献
78.
杨爱荣 《中国民航学院学报》1997,(5)
在外语教学中,语言测试是不可缺少的环节之一。本文主要论述语言测试理论,如语言测试的目的、语言测试的类型、语言测试的标准;分析并总结了常见的语言测试项目的设计方法,如:多项选择题的设计、词汇测试的设计、完形测试的设计、阅读理解的设计、听力测试的设计、写作测试的设计;并对测试后得分的计算和分析进行解释。最后提出语言教师了解一点语言测试的知识是很有必要的。 相似文献
79.
Environmental reference systems for large-scale spaces 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Human navigation in well-known environments is guided by stored memory representations of spatial information. In three experiments (N = 43) we investigated the role of different spatial reference systems when accessing information about familiar objects at different locations in the city in which the participants lived. Our results indicate that two independent reference systems underly the retrieval of spatial knowledge. Environmental characteristics, e.g., the streets at an intersection, determine which headings are easier to imagine at a given location and lead to differences in accessibility of spatial information (orientation-specific behavior). In addition, access to spatial information depends on the relative direction of a location with respect to the imagined heading, such that information about locations imagined in front of oneself is easier to access than about locations towards the back. This influence of an egocentric reference system was found for environmental knowledge as well as map-based knowledge. In light of these reference system effects, position-dependent models of spatial memory for large-scale environments are discussed. To account for the simultaneous effect of an environmental and an egocentric reference system, we present a 2-level model of spatial memory access. 相似文献
80.
安乐 《民用飞机设计与研究》2015,(1):62-67,112
马来西亚航空公司MH370客机失联事件一度引发媒体与公众的诸多猜测,猜测的焦点之一就是执飞的波音777飞机的飞机通信寻址与报告系统(Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System,简称ACARS)功能是如何被关闭的。从专业角度出发,首先采用Sys ML建模的方式描述了波音777飞机ACARS系统的详细架构和人机接口,并据此深入分析了马航MH370航班失联事件中ACARS被关闭的情景。最后,提出了此次事件暴露出的现代民用飞机设计中存在的问题以及改进方法。 相似文献