中国载人航天技术的历史性跨越

论述了发展载人航天工程对于增强综合国力和民族凝聚力、充分利用空间环境资源、明显降低空间飞行器的成本和风险、促进科技进步和高技术产业发展的重要意义;还论述了飞船研制返回再入升力控制技术、环境控制与生命保障技术、仪表与照明技术、人工运动控制技术、着陆缓冲技术、应急救生技术、回收着陆技术、再入防热技术取得的重大科技创新成果。     

Space life and biomedical sciences in support of the global exploration roadmap and societal development

The human exploration of space is pushing the boundaries of what is technically feasible. The space industry is preparing for the New Space era, the momentum for which will emanate from the commercial human spaceflight sector, and will be buttressed by international solar system exploration endeavours. With many distinctive technical challenges to be overcome, human spaceflight requires that numerous biological and physical systems be examined under exceptional circumstances for progress to be made. To effectively tackle such an undertaking significant intra- and international coordination and collaboration is required. Space life and biomedical science research and development (R & D) will support the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) by enabling humans to ‘endure’ the extreme activity that is long duration human spaceflight. In so doing the field will discover solutions to some of our most difficult human health issues, and as a consequence benefit society as a whole. This space-specific R&D will drive a significant amount of terrestrial biomedical research and as a result the international community will not only gain benefits in the form of improved healthcare in space and on Earth, but also through the growth of its science base and industry.     

The essential role of human spaceflight

The question is: should the United States and nations at large pursue a human spaceflight program (and if so, why)? I offer an unwavering positive answer to this question, and state the reasons for it while considering the broad challenges and benefits of (human) spaceflight. Space exploration is a human activity that is intrinsically forward-looking, and as such, has positive potential. Both national and international space programs can galvanize the population, inspire the youth, foster job-creation, and motivate the existing workforce. The nature of the enterprises involved—their scale, novelty, and complexity—requires a steady and continuous upward progression toward greater societal, scientific and technological development. That is, in order to overcome the challenges of human spaceflight, progress is required. More to the point, the survival of humanity depends on expanding beyond the confines of our planet. Human spaceflight, in short, presents us with an opportunity to significantly advance the nation and the global community.     

机电产品安全风险评价模型研究

目前，我国的机电产品在其全寿命周期中基本上不做安全风险评价，一个重要的原因是缺乏有效的风险评价模型。为此，本文提出了一种适合于我国机电产品在设计阶段进行风险评价的通用模型。     

中国出口贸易多样性的度量及政策建议

首先对出口贸易多样性的度量方法进行了梳理和评述,同时利用BACI在1996~2010年间的贸易细分数据,从出口产品多样性和出口地区多样性的角度度量了中国出口贸易多样性及其变化趋势。实证测度结果表明：虽然中国出口产品种类有略微减少的趋势,但中国出口产品多样性水平却在不断提高;中国出口贸易伙伴的数量仍然在增加,但中国出口地区多样性在2000年以后呈现＂U型＂的变化趋势,且自2008年开始中国出口地区依赖的风险在上升。因此,进一步提升中国出口产品多样性和中国出口地区多样性,是未来中国深化对外经济开放的一个重要政策取向。     

A Delphi-Based Framework for systems architecting of in-orbit exploration infrastructure for human exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit

The current debate in the U.S. Human Spaceflight Program focuses on the development of the next generation of man-rated heavy lift launch vehicles. While launch vehicle systems are of critical importance for future exploration, a comprehensive analysis of the entire exploration infrastructure is required to avoid costly pitfalls at early stages of the design process. This paper addresses this need by presenting a Delphi-Based Systems Architecting Framework for integrated architectural analysis of future in-orbit infrastructure for human space exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. The paper is structured in two parts.     

关于航天器产品研制试验的思考

研制试验是航天器产品3大类试验之一,是提高产品固有可靠性的重要手段。随着对航天器产品在轨可靠、稳定运行要求的不断提升,研制试验的重要性进一步凸显。但是由于认识上的不足,使得研制试验在实际执行过程中存在一些偏差。文章结合航天器产品研制试验的现状和需求,对与研制试验相关的几个概念进行解读,对研制试验存在的问题进行分析,并利用典型案例说明研制试验在提高产品固有可靠性方面的独特作用,以期为正确认识航天器产品研制试验,并合理策划、有效开展研制试验提供借鉴。     

应用于空间微生物防护的多尺度杂化抗菌剂研究

由于航天员的参与,载人航天活动中难以避免微生物防护的问题,而航天器环境密闭、空间狭小,难以采用地面常用的喷洒一次性有机消毒剂、紫外线杀菌等方式进行微生物防护。通过采用无机抗菌剂,结合纳米技术和杂化结构耦合所产生的协同作用来获得综合性能优异的无机抗菌剂,并采用适当的技术将其应用到航天器上是一种可行的办法。通过热分解前驱体和还原金属离子的方法分别在T-ZnO和CNTs上杂化纳米银和纳米铜,获得了多尺度纳米杂化抗菌剂。采用表面涂覆、浸渍和挤压法及活化接枝的方法分别探究了纳米抗菌剂在铝合金、芳纶布和树脂等材料中的应用。3种基体材料经抗菌改性后对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌率都可达到99.9%,对黑曲霉及其孢子的防霉等级都达到了0级,而且改性后的材料具有很好的耐老化、耐水性及良好的耐擦洗性能。该方法在深空探测活动中的微生物防护方面有很大发展前景。     

CIM标准化方法和特点

ＣＩＭＳ标准化具有高新技术标准化的特点,技术的发展与标准化的发展互相平行且互为补充,贯穿于ＣＩＭＳ产品的整个生命周期。本领域的标准化涉及信息技术和制造业技术标准化,且交织在一起形成了新的标准化领域。建立参考模型是当前ＣＩＭＳ标准化工作的新方法。本文试图抽象出一种理论上的建模框架以描述这种新的概念和方法。     

The Pioneer anomaly and a rotating Gödel universe

Based upon a simple cosmological model with no expansion, we find that the rotational terms appearing in the Gödel universe are too small to explain the Pioneer anomaly. Following a brief summary of the anomaly, cosmological effects on the dynamics of local systems are addressed – including a derivation of the equations of motion for an accelerated Pioneer-type observer in a rotating universe. The rotation or vorticity present in such a cosmological model is then subjected to astrophysical limits set by observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Although it contributes, universal rotation is not the cause of the Pioneer effect. In view of the related fly-by anomalies, frame-dragging is also discussed. The virial theorem is used to demonstrate the non-conservation of energy during transfers from bound to hyperbolic trajectories.