航天型号进度控制研究

针对航天型号研制生产的现状,分析了航天型号进度控制的原理,介绍了航天型号进度控制的流程和方法,深入分析了当前进度管理中存在的问题,并结合项目管理理论提出了解决这些问题的总体思路和相应的调整措施。对及时推广和应用先进型号进度控制方法,推动航天型号的持续高速发展具有重要的现实意义。     

长期载人航天器内务管理信息系统设计

基于我国即将开展的长期载人航天任务,针对航天器上大量的内务信息,分析了建立内务管理信息系统的需求背景,提出建立统一位置编码体系的观点,并以分系统存储位置编码设计为例,详细介绍了编码的设计方法,建立内务信息数据库,探讨了内务管理信息系统的设计方法,对星上变化内务信息数据传输进行设计,并结合在轨运行过程对该系统的使用加以说明。     

Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)

In late 2006, NASA's Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth's (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA's planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars.Our NEO team will present and discuss the following:

• new mission trajectories and concepts;

• operational command and control considerations;

• expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and

• continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits.

国外深空探测态势特点与启示（下）

通过对国外主要航天大国在深空探测领域发展过程的梳理,重点分析了各国在无人深空探测技术、载人深空探测技术和地面测控通信技术三个方面的技术发展特点,并从总体角度对其主要技术特征和关键技术进行了深入剖析,从中提炼出对我国深空探测活动的启示,以期对我国深空探测的开展有所借鉴和推动。     

软件产品质量管理的改进对策

本文分析了软件产品质量的特性及控制要素，针对当前软件产品存在的质量问题，结合市场对软件产品的质量需求，探讨了提高软件产品质量的途径及应采取的对策。     

空间对接机构技术及其研制

给出了空间对接机构的传动缓冲、捕获、连接密封、结构与附件，以及控制等子系统的组成和功能，阐述了对接和分离基本过程。以及其中的备份操作。分析了对接机构的总体设计、动力学仿真、部件研制和地面试验等关键技术。     

载人航天过程中人的可靠性研究

从失误分析、理论研究及可靠性预测三方面详细分析了人的可靠性研究现状 ,在此基础上 ,指出其未来主要的发展方向与手段。最后 ,认为必须从人、机、环境三个方面进行综合考虑来提高航天员的可靠性。     

一种载人航天概率风险评价数据选用与分析方法

概率风险评价(PRA)方法是一项成熟的量化风险评估技术,而可靠性相关数据不足,制约着该方法在国内载人航天领域的应用。针对这一问题,结合NASA的PRA工作经验,提出了一种适合国内载人航天PRA数据选用与分析的方法,综合运用产品的通用数据与特定数据,采用贝叶斯等数据融合方法,对产品进行量化评价。通过航天典型产品案例,与经典评估方法进行对比分析,结果表明,此方法更能反映产品的失效特性。文章提出的方法,可用于载人航天等具有小子样特征的产品PRA数据的选用与分析,为我国载人航天开展PRA工作提供参考。     

Precise coseismic displacements from the GPS variometric approach using different precise products: Application to the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

The Global Positioning System (GPS) variometric approach has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional well-developed positioning techniques including relative positioning and precise point positioning. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the variometric approach to retrieve coseismic displacements at centimeter-level precision, in a real-time manner using only readily available broadcast ephemeris. This study presents the first results comparing the performance of the variometric approach by using a variety of precise satellite orbit and clock products. Totally six kinds of products are included in our evaluation, namely the broadcast, IGS (International GNSS Service) ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed), rapid, final (30-s clock) and CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) final (5-s clock) products. Static and dynamic experiments are conducted using 1-Hz GPS data covering a relatively large area in China during the 2008 Wenchuan M_W 7.9 earthquake. After removing the linear trend, the displacements using broadcast, ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed) and rapid products reach nearly equivalent precisions at centimeter level. By using final and CODE final products, the precision of displacements can be significantly improved from 1.9–2.0 cm to 0.4–0.7 cm horizontally, and from 6.0–6.2 cm to 1.0–1.7 cm vertically for the dynamic experiments. The displacements using the CODE final products achieve the best precision, improved by more than 40% compared to those using the IGS final products. With the availability of IGS high-rate real-time precise products, this approach is promising to capture coseismic displacements more precisely in real time, which is crucial for earthquake and tsunami early warning.     

复合材料缠绕制品性能测试

本文对复合材料缠绕制品力学性能、耐燃烧性、吸水性、老化性能的测试进行了论述,这些试验方法、标准将为缠绕制品的可靠性的进一步研究奠定实验基础。