Diversity of Comets: Formation Zones and Dynamical Paths

The past dozen years have produced a new paradigm with regard to the source regions of comets in the early solar system. It is now widely recognized that the likely source of the Jupiter-family short-period comets (those with Tisserand parameters, T > 2 and periods, P, generally < 20 years) is the Kuiper belt in the ecliptic plane beyond Neptune. In contrast, the source of the Halley-type and long-period comets (those with T < 2 and P > 20 years) appears to be the Oort cloud. However, the comets in the Oort cloud almost certainly originated elsewhere, since accretion is very inefficient at such large heliocentric distances. New dynamical studies now suggest that the source of the Oort cloud comets is the entire giant planets region from Jupiter to Neptune, rather than primarily the Uranus-Neptune region, as previously thought. Some fraction of the Oort cloud population may even be asteroidal bodies formed inside the orbit of Jupiter. These comets and asteroids underwent a complex dynamical random walk among the giant planets before they were ejected to distant orbits in the Oort cloud, with possible interesting consequences for their thermal and collisional histories. Observational evidence for diversity in cometary compositions is limited, at best. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航天器软件风险集成管理方法

为确保航天器软件产品功能、性能符合任务需求,安全、可靠地完成飞行任务,需要对其进行风险管理。文章首先介绍了软件风险管理理论研究现状;然后结合航天器软件强实时性、高可靠性和安全性、维护困难等问题,提出了基于系统集成思想的软件风险控制方法;最后以某航天器为例介绍了该套方法的应用成果。研究结果可为识别航天器软件风险,提高软件产品质量提供参考。     

浅谈企业园区网的构建

以太网是当今应用最为普遍的局域网技术,本文描述了企业园区网建设的主要技术,进行了关于布线系统和网络组网的探讨。     

飞机冲压空气涡轮系统的动态特性分析

冲压空气涡轮是飞机能源失效时使用的关键应急系统。首先依据冲击空气涡轮（RAT）工作原理确定其物理架构；然后对涡轮部件、能源转换装置、展开装置和展开随动机构等4个主要部件进行力学分析，建立各部件的力学方程组。依据该力学方程组，建立涉及力学、液压、刚体动力学的多学科冲压空气涡轮系统模型。使用该模型仿真了某真实系统在不同工况和设计参数下的动态特性，研究了关键设计参数对系统性能的影响，为冲压空气涡轮系统正向设计提供依据。最终，某型冲压空气涡轮系统风洞试验数据验证了所提系统模型的准确性。     

积木式方法与试验金字塔的历史沿革与发展趋势

采用积木式方法构建试验金字塔是目前已经被广泛接受的用来完成大型飞机结构强度验证的基本手段。本文概述了积木式方法和试验金字塔的发展历程和趋势，介绍了不同型号的美军机在研制过程中所建立的强度验证试验金字塔的统计结果，并且从试验层级、对象、目的和类型等四个方面比较了试验内容的数量与经费占比，由此来说明基础层级试验验证工作在强度验证试验金字塔中重要性和经济性。通过对虚拟试验在强度验证工作中的发展趋势、应用和限制的介绍，为顺利完成相关的全尺寸部件和整机的强度验证提供可靠的保障手段。     

风洞模型投放试验轻模型法重力效应影响

风洞模型投放试验是研究超声速机弹分离问题的一种有效手段，相似参数的选取是影响试验准度的关键因素。有初始弹射速度的超声速机弹分离研究中，通常采用"轻模型法"得到模型的运动学及动力学相似参数，但该相似参数中模型重力模拟不足。为了研究重力效应对投放试验结果的影响，采用CTS试验技术对全尺寸真实参数与缩比尺寸轻模型法相似参数条件下得到的结果进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：在载弹与载机分离过程中，载弹位姿相互耦合，垂直下落位移的快慢会影响载弹姿态角的变化；轻模型法相似参数条件下，载弹垂直下落位移较慢，虚拟重力的修正方法只能近似修正下落位移，不能对导弹姿态角进行修正，而姿态角会影响下落的位移；机弹分离安全性方面，轻模型法相似参数条件下的试验结果较真实参数偏危险。     

民用运输类飞机最大可用速率抬前轮试飞技术研究

最大可用速率抬前轮试飞是验证抬前轮速度与起飞安全速度的重要依据,也是难度较大、风险较高的试验项目。以起飞动力学分析为基点,得出最大可用速率抬前轮试飞可能达到的最大迎角,并结合相应的适航审定条款,分析了影响该科目试飞的主要因素,给出了最大可用速率抬前轮试飞技术分析和数据处理方法。     

Optimal network topology of relative navigation and communication for navigation sharing in fractionated spacecraft cluster

Navigation sharing as a key technology provides orbit and attitude information broadcasting for the whole fractionated spacecraft cluster (FSC). The navigation sharing concept has already been proposed for some years. However, the problem of achieving the optimal navigation sharing by designing the proper network topology is still unsolved, especially in the case that some members of the cluster have absolute navigation devices, some just have relative navigation devices and some only have communication devices. In this paper, a comprehensive model of describing the navigation sharing problem in FSC is proposed. The model of network topology constructing by relative navigation links and communication links is established. By using the graph theory and genetic algorithm as the tool, the conditions for navigation sharing in FSC with different sharing degrees are obtained. Finally, some examples are presented to test the methods, and it has been found that, the absolute positions and attitudes of all the members can still be determined even some members in FSC have no absolute navigation devices.     

落锤式弯沉仪与贝克曼梁在路基路面弯沉检测中的相关性分析

对HBL520型全自动落锤式弯沉仪的工作原理进行了介绍,描述了其测速快、准确度高、自动化程度高等优点。通过与贝克曼梁的对比试验表明:在相同的测试条件下,两者之间具有良好的线性相关关系,可以通过公式进行转换,为FWD在公路工程检测中的普及应用提供了依据。     

航天器总装过程特种车辆运输问题的研究

文章针对航天器总装过程所涉及的特种车辆转运问题进行研究。通过对特种车辆种类和航天器各平台总装涉及特种车辆数量分析,提出集装箱运输方案并对集装箱进行设计、实施,取得了良好效果,同时指出集装箱化运输也是航天器工装运输的趋势。