Reanalysis of radiation belt electron phase space density using various boundary conditions and loss models

Data assimilation is becoming an increasingly important tool for understanding the near Earth hazardous radiation environments. Reanalysis of the radiation belts can be used to identify the electron acceleration mechanism and distinguish local acceleration from radial diffusion. However, for any practical applications we need to determine how reliable is reanalysis, and how significant is the dependence of the results on the assumptions of the code and choice of boundary conditions. We present the sensitivity of reanalysis of the radiation belt electron phase space density (PSD) to the assumed location of the outer boundary, using the VERB code and a Kalman filter. We analyze the sensitivity of reanalysis to changes in the electron-loss throughout the domain, and the sensitivity to the assumed boundary condition and its effect on the innovation vector. All the simulations presented in this study for all assumed loss models and boundary conditions, show that peaks in the phase space density of relativistic electrons build up between 4.5 and 6 R_E during relativistic electron flux enhancements in the outer radiation belt. This clearly shows that peaks build up in the heart of the electron radiation belt independent of the assumptions in the model, and that local acceleration is operating there. The work here is also an important step toward performing reanalysis using observations from current and future missions.     

质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜的力学性能退化机理

利用自制的Φ800 mm空间综合辐照试验设备和X射线光电子能谱等分析手段对质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜的力学性能退化及机理进行了研究。研究发现:薄膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度随质子辐照注量的增加而呈指数减小,弹性模量基本不变;质子辐照后聚酰亚胺薄膜仍具有较好的热稳定性,但其在紫外可见光波段透射率降低,透射光谱发生红移;分子键的断裂和交联是质子辐照聚酰亚胺薄膜力学性能降低的主要原因。     

CCSDS空间网络互联协议发展及启示

空间互联网将是由各种区域网构成的复杂异构网络,为了使其能够逐步实现自动化运行,网络效益得到最大程度的发挥,须做好网络互联的顶层规划与设计,并开发具体的标准技术.根据近年CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)发布的建议书,以及相关工作组的项目规划情况,介绍了SSI(Solar System Internetwork,太阳系互联网)体系结构、IPoC(IP over CCSDS space links,在CCSDS空间链路之上承载IP),以及DTN(Delay Tolerant Networking,容延迟网络)等标准项目.从CCSDS空间网络互联技术的发展历程不难得出结论:我国未来空间网络互联应注重区域网之间互联的顶层设计;区域网内部各子网之间的互联技术应选择以航天任务需求牵引为主;DTN将在区域网之间互联以及区域网从简单到复杂发展中都发挥重要作用.     

集中式平台自由销售代码共享研究与应用

在对目前世界范围内,航空公司之间普遍采用的代码共享合作方式进行分析的基础上,结合中国民航的实际情况,提出了同时使用中国民航传统集中式订座系统平台,系统内两家航空公司之间自由销售模式的代码共享系统解决方案,并对该设计方案的高灵活性、低成本消耗等特点进行了具体的分析。     

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

On February 13th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General Relativity Theory (specifically ‘frame-dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect). The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small deviations from Galilei–Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data analysis will be also presented.     

火箭整流罩声振环境缩比特性研究

针对火箭整流罩全尺寸声振环境试验过程中难度大、成本高的问题，通过量纲分析的方法建立了缩比模型的相似准则，研究并获得了缩比模型与原模型之间内部声场、壁面振动加速度的关系，并使用声学有限元方法(FEM)进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明，缩比模型与原模型场点处声压级相吻合，壁面振动加速度成一定的比例关系，符合缩比准则结果。该方法为火箭整流罩的声振环境预示和试验提供了理论依据。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of H I Lyman Alpha Line Profiles in Coronal Holes at Heliocentric Heights Above 3.0 R⊙

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been used to measure spectral line profiles for H I Lyα in the south polar coronal hole at projected heliocentric heights from 3.5 to 6.0 R_⊙ during 1998 January 5–11. Observations from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ were made for comparison. The H I Lyα profile is the only one observable with UVCS above 3.5 R_⊙ in coronal holes. Within this region the outflowing coronal plasma becomes nearly collisionless and the ionization balance is believed to become frozen. In this paper, the 1/e half widths of the coronal velocity distributions are provided for the observed heights. The velocity distributions include all motions contributing to the velocities along the line of sight (LOS). The observations have been corrected for instrumental effects and interplanetary H I Lyα. The half widths were found to increase with projected heliographic height from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ and decrease with height from 3.5 to 5 R_⊙. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

航天器空间环境干扰力矩分析与仿真研究

针对航天器在轨运行时所受到的空间环境干扰力矩进行建模分析,并通过实时解算和矢量叠加的方式进行仿真研究,尤其对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩的建模与仿真提出了新的方法,该方法通过建立光照面与迎风面的判断准则,准确地对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩进行了估计。对各种空间环境干扰力矩的精确建模与仿真为航天器精确姿态控制设计及系统姿态控制方案和控制执行机构的选取提供了依据,文中提出的方法简单易用,工程实现性强,为未来的工程应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

CFDP协议中延迟NAK文件传输时间分析与仿真

未来的深空通信需要一个鲁棒的、有效与可靠的文件传输协议,在研究CCSDS提出的CFDP协议基础上,针对延迟NAK模式提出了一种新的分析方法。在保证吞吐量的前提下,对ARQ定时器优化设置,导出了平均文件传输时间的理论表达式。在单跳直连链路中,对不同条件下的平均文件传输时间进行了仿真与数值分析。仿真结果表明平均文件传输时间与PDU错误概率、PDU数目及单向传播时间等有密切关系。随机仿真与理论分析具有很好的一致性。     

极坐标系连续常值推力机动分析

连续常值推力是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式，在空间交会与星际航行使命中具有重要的应用价值。其中，小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动，而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行，执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的极坐标系质心运动方程，对机动推力的量值没有限制；在航天器交会应用中，对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径与速度等轨道参数随时间或极角（绕地心的转动角）的变化，便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动，有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是，若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道，在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下，应用无量纲形式运动方程，可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。文章给出一些有关的结果与应用案例。