C/C喉衬烧蚀性能的实验研究

开展不同推进剂和压强对喉衬烧蚀的影响研究,对认识喉衬烧蚀机理和指导设计很有意义.采用小型烧蚀实验发动机,开展了不同压强下无铝双基推进剂和含铝17%的复合推进刺工况下C/C喉衬烧蚀的实验研究,分析了粒子沉积、燃气组分和燃烧室压强等时烧蚀性能的影响.结果表明,随着工作压强的升高,喉衬烧蚀率明显增大,主要机制是热流密度增加和气流剥蚀加剧,粒子沉积减弱;相同压强条件下,含铝复合推进剂工况下C/C喉衬的烧蚀率远小于无铝双基推进剂工况,主要原因是氧化铝沉积严重.对喉村烧蚀起到了一定保护作用.     

星载激光遥感技术的发展及应用

文章简要介绍了星载激光遥感的技术原理与特性,并对几种星载激光雷达在大气探测、星体测绘、冰盖监测及全球高分辨率测绘等领域的应用做了介绍,最后分析了中国发展星载激光遥感现阶段的已有基础及对未来的发展展望。     

Numerical simulation of multi-phase combustion flow in solid rocket motors with metalized propellant

Multi-phase flowfield simulation has been performed on solid rocket motor and effect of multi-phases on the performance prediction of the solid rocket motor(SRM) is investigation.During the combustion of aluminized propellant,the aluminum particles in the propellant melt and formliquid aluminum at the burning propellant surface.So the flow within the rocket motor is multi phase or two phase because it contains droplets and smoke particles of Al2O3.Flowsi mulations have been performed on a large scale motor,to observe the effect of the flowfield onthe chamber and nozzle as well.Uniform particles diameters and Rosin-Rammler diameter distribution method that is based on the assumption that an exponential relationship exists betweenthe droplet diameter,dand mass fraction of droplets with diameter greater thandhave been used for the si mulation of different distribution of Al2O3 droplets present in SRM.Particles sizes in the range of 1-100μm are used,as being the most common droplets.In this approachthe complete range of particle sizes is dividedinto a set of discrete size ranges,eachto be defined by single streamthat is part of the group.Roe scheme-flux differencing splitting based on approxi mate Riemann problem has been used to si mulate the effects of the multi-phase flowfeild.This is second order upwind scheme in which flux differencing splitting method is employed.To cater for the turbulence effect,Spalart-All maras model has been used.The results obtained show the great sensitivity of this diameters distribution and particles concentrations to the SRMflowdynamics,primarily at the motor chamber and nozzle exit.The results are shown with various sizes of the particles concentrations and geometrical configurations including models for SRM and nozzle.The analysis also provides effect of multi-phase on performance prediction of solid rocket motor.     

弧面分度凸轮实体建模研究

系统分析了弧面分度凸轮曲面的形成特点,根据空间啮合原理简洁地导出了弧面分度凸轮的廓面方程,利用旋转坐标的方法,建立了凸轮廓面与从动件上特征截面接触点的一般数学模型。在此基础上,提出了弧面分度凸轮实体建模方法,并以Solid Works软件为平台,进行了实例计算。该实体建模方法,为深入研究共轭曲面零件的实体造型问题奠定基础。     

炭化层疏松/致密结构的三元乙丙烧蚀模型

分析了烧蚀发动机和高过载烧蚀发动机实验得到EPDM(三元乙丙)的炭化层结构,获得烧蚀过程炭化层结构形成变化的机理,建立了考虑疏松致密结构的多孔炭化层物理模型.模型中炭化层为非均质的多孔可渗透介质,孔隙内部存在气体扩散和热化学反应;炭化层中热解气体沉积效应形成致密结构.在多孔介质流动与传热算法基础上建立了模拟绝热材料烧蚀过程的数值方法,计算得到的炭化率、质量烧蚀率和炭化层的多孔结构与实验结果相吻合,证明了本烧蚀模型能够准确地描述绝热材料的热化学烧蚀过程,并为耦合烧蚀模型的建立提供数值算法基础.      

钼钛锆合金材料特殊型腔的组合 放电加工方法的研究

钼钛锆合金的耐高温和抗高温高速燃气冲刷等优点,使其被广泛应用为航天发动机控制模块的结构材料,但其高效精密加工一直是应用中的难题.因此,采用线切割及电火花(WEDM+EDM)组合放电加工的工艺,开展了钼钛锆材料固体发动机燃气阀特殊型腔加工的组合工艺研究.与传统切削加工相比,该方法具有加工精度高、表面质量好和具备加工复杂型腔的能力;与单一电火花加工相比,具有加工效率高、电极损耗小等优点.通过某型号固体发动机燃气阀的加工试验,采用组合工艺完成了燃气阀体的上下异形面型腔、阶梯异型孔、窄槽和异形盲孔等特殊型腔的高效高精度加工.     

固体火箭发动机喷管阻尼特性的数值仿真

为了探究影响固体火箭发动机喷管阻尼特性的关键因素,基于典型柱状装药固体火箭发动机二维简化模型,利用脉冲衰减法,开展喷管阻尼特性数值仿真计算,研究了喉通比和燃烧室长度对喷管阻尼常数的影响规律,结果发现数值模拟结果与经验公式理论预估结果有较好的一致性,证实了该数值方法的有效性;在此基础上,进一步探讨了无法由经验公式直接获知的诸如喷管收敛半角以及收敛型面对喷管阻尼常数的影响规律,结果表明:收敛半角对喷管阻尼常数有很大的影响,在设计范围内,较小的收敛角有益于提高喷管阻尼特性;收敛段型面对喷管阻尼也有一定的影响,凸型型面阻尼特性优于锥型型面,锥形型面优于凹形型面.      

CT local reconstruction of solid rocket motor based on PI-POCS-TVM

In order to test the defects of solid rocket motor (SRM) accurately and efficiently, the computed tomography (CT) inspection scheme for SRMs defects was investigated and a CT local reconstruction algorithm called prior information projection onto convex sets total variation minimization (PI-POCS-TVM) was developed. The SRM was first inspected by industrial CT (ICT) to generate a low resolution SRM image used as the prior information, then high resolution local inspection was carried out for SRM's defects. To validate the effectiveness of the CT inspection scheme for SRMs defects, one SRM was inspected by a narrow fan beam ICT system. Filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm, POCS, POCS-TVM and PI-POCS-TVM algorithms were applied to reconstruct CT images. The performance of these algorithms was also compared. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the CT inspection scheme for SRM's defects. Moreover, the PI-POCS-TVM algorithm has better local reconstruction image quality than the other three algorithms, showing great significance for accurate measurement of SRM's defects.      

旋流对固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧过程的影响

针对旋流数对固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧流场的影响,进行了不同旋流数(s=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)工况下固体燃料冲压发动机直连式试验研究,固体燃料采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）,并对s=0.6和s=0两个工况进行数值仿真研究.试验和数值仿真结果表明:旋流的引入有助于火焰稳定,对提高补燃室压强和燃速有积极作用.在旋流工况下会使药柱表面热流密度高于无旋流,并使燃烧室中的化学反应更加充分.高强度旋流的引入会使燃烧更加充分,燃烧效率有所提高.      

固体火箭发动机后效推力对导弹底阻影响的数值仿真

采用二维轴对称N-S方程与湍流模型相结合,建立了固体火箭发动机喷管尾流和弹体外流一体化仿真模型.针对给定的导弹模型,开展了不同发动机燃气流量下的流场仿真,得到了流场速度和压力分布,分析了不同燃气流量下发动机后效推力对导弹底阻的影响.结果表明:与发动机不工作时相比,加入较小的燃气流量后,导弹底部压力增大,底阻值减小.随着燃气流量的增加,底部压力先减小后增大,底阻先增大后减小.随着燃气流量的增加,后效推力与导弹底阻的合力不断增大,且动推力所占比重逐渐增加.